Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
## Eleventh Chapter:
**Or, to say "Maasha", "Karshapan", "Muhar" (Guinea), "Rupee", etc., after seeing a particular mark (seal) imprinted on mud, silver, gold, etc.**
**(4) Naamsatya:** The language which is considered true only because of its name, is called Naamsatya. For example, a person who does not increase his family, is still called "Kulvardhan" (one who increases the family).
**(5) Roopsatya:** The language which is true only because of a particular form (dress, etc.) is called Roopsatya. For example, if a person has taken on the form (disguise) of a sage with pride, calling him "sage" is Roopsatya language.
**(6) Pratiityasatya:** The language which is true in relation to another object is called Pratiityasatya. For example, calling the ring finger "Kanishtha" (smallest) in relation to the little finger, and "Hrasva" (short) in relation to the middle finger, is Pratiityasatya language.
**(7) Vyavhaarsatya:** The language which is true from the point of view of practice - the intention of the people - is called Vyavhaarsatya. For example, someone said, "The mountain is burning." Here, it was said by considering the grass on the mountain as inseparable from the mountain. Therefore, the language of the speaker, according to the practice of the people, is also Vyavhaarsatya.
**(8) Bhavasatya:** The language which is spoken based on the feeling, i.e., the intensity of the color, etc., is called Bhavasatya. In other words, using language based on the quality that is found in abundance in a substance is Bhavasatya language. For example, even though all five colors are present in a flock of herons (Balaka), calling it white.
**(9) Yogasatya:** Yoga means connection, combination; the language which is considered true because of it is called Yogasatya. For example, calling someone "Chatri" (one who has an umbrella) because of the connection with the umbrella, even if he does not have an umbrella at the time of using the word. Similarly, calling someone "Dandi" (one who has a staff) because of the connection with the staff.
**(10) Praupamyasatya:** The language which is considered true because of the comparison is called Praupamyasatya. For example, "Gavaya" (a kind of deer) is like a cow. This type of language, based on comparison, is called Praupamyasatya.
**Explanation of the ten types of "Paryaptika" language:**
**(1) Krodhnihsrita:** The language spoken out of anger.
**(2) Maannihsrita:** To say that we have also experienced wealth in the past, to show off one's own self-importance, even though it is not true, is Maannihsrita.
**(3) Mayanihsrita:** The language spoken with the intention of deception, etc.
**(4) Lobhnihsrita:** To say that the weight and measurement are correct, even though it is false, due to greed, is Lobhnihsrita.
**(5) Preya (Rag)nihsrita:** To say "I am your servant" out of excessive love for someone, is Preya (Rag)nihsrita.
**(6) Dwashnihsrita:** To speak ill of the Tirthankaras, etc., out of hatred.
**(7) Hasya nihsrita:** To lie in jest.
**(8) Bhaynihsrita:** The language spoken out of fear. For example, someone speaks nonsense or gibberish out of fear of thieves, etc., his language is Bhaynihsrita.
**(9) Prakhyaayika nihsrita:** To speak of impossible things while telling a story.
**(10) Upghaat nihsrita:** The language spoken with the intention of hurting someone's heart. For example, to accuse someone of being a thief, or to call someone blind or lame.
**Explanation of the two types of "Satyamasha" language:**
**(1) Utpannamisrita:** To speak by mixing the born (those who have been born) with the unborn (those who have not been born) to complete the number. For example, even if there are fewer or more babies born in a village or city, to say that ten babies were born in this village or city today.
**(2) Vigtamisrita:** Vigta means dead. What is not past is Avigta.