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[356] In the same way, there is no single, separate entity called "Ajiva-dravya" (non-living substance), but rather there are many Ajiva (non-living) substances. They are all distinct from the Jiva (living being), and therefore, in that sense, their similarity (not unity, but unity in a certain respect) is expressed by the term "Ajiva-dravya." For this reason, it is a general Ajiva-dravya-tiryaksamanya (general non-living substance). / It should be understood that the synonyms, specifics, or distinctions of this Tiryaksamanya are the same as the synonyms, specifics, or distinctions of Jiva and Ajiva presented here. / In the case of worldly Jivas, the states that are created, based on which the Jiva is connected to Pudgalas (matter), lead to various states of the Jiva, which become its Paryayas (categories). These Pudgalik Paryayas are also considered as Paryayas of the Jiva from a practical standpoint. The description of the Paryayas of the Jiva is based on the assumption that in the worldly state, Jiva and Pudgala appear inseparable. Just as the infinite Paryayas of Pudgala are described (in Sutra 519) due to the diversity of color, smell, taste, and touch, independently, in the same way, when these same Pudgalas are connected to the Jiva, they are considered as Paryayas of the Jiva (in Sutra 440). This is because when they are connected to the Jiva, the Jiva is also a cause in the transformation that occurs in the Pudgala. Therefore, even though these Paryayas belong to the Pudgala, they are considered as Paryayas of the Jiva. In the worldly state, there is a certain inseparability between Jiva and Pudgala, which has been prevalent since time immemorial. It is due to the rise of Karma that there is diversity in the form, shape, etc., of Jivas, and the creation of various Paryayas. / Therefore, even though the Jiva is essentially of the nature of knowledge, etc., it is endowed with infinite Paryayas. / * This section deals with the distinctions and Paryayas of Jiva and Ajiva substances. While the first section dealt with the distinctions between Jiva and Ajiva, this fifth section specifically addresses the infinite Paryayas within each of these distinctions. The first section described the distinctions, the third section mentioned their number, but since the main focus of the third section was on the numerical difference, it did not specify the number of each specific distinction. Therefore, this section provides the number of each distinction and subsequently the number of Paryayas within each distinction. The number of Paryayas for all substance distinctions is infinite, but the number of distinctions themselves is finite, infinite, or even countless (in the case of plant-bodied beings and Siddha-Jivas). The Paryayas of the Jiva substance, such as those of the hell-bound beings, etc., have been considered from various perspectives and viewpoints, and the Jain philosophy's Anekanta (multifaceted) perspective is evident in them. For example, the description of the Paryayas of the Jiva's distinctions, such as hell-bound beings, etc., includes a relative description from the following ten perspectives. In other words, the number of Paryayas is mentioned from these ten perspectives to explain the infinite Paryayas of hell-bound beings, etc. From some perspectives, the number is finite, from others it is countless, and from still others it is infinite. / Keeping in mind the perspective of infinity, the author has called the Paryayas of each of the hell-bound beings, etc., infinite, because from that perspective, the maximum number of Paryayas occur. And the direct mention of those numbers is not done. 1. The phrases like "Ege Paya" in the "Sthananga Sutra" are based on assumed unity. 2. "Pannavanasutta" (Original Sutra 439, 591) 3. "Pannavana" (Original Sutra 440)