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## 256] One should understand that there are infinite combinations in different times, in relation to the *bhavas* (states of being).
There are also infinite combinations in relation to the *bhavas* of all atoms, and of the *skandhas* (aggregates) like *dvipradeshi* (two-dimensional), etc., individually, like a single atom.
Considering this, infinite future times are established in relation to the specific *dravya* (substance), *kshetra* (space), *kala* (time), and *bhavas* of a single atom. And what is true for a single atom, should also be understood in relation to all atoms and the *skandhas* like *dvipradeshi*, etc.
All this cannot be consistent without the object called *parinamanasheel kala* (changeable time), and without the objects like *parinamanasheel pudgalastikaya* (changeable pudgala substance), etc.
Just as infinite future *ardhakalas* (half-times) have been established in relation to the specific *dravya*, *kshetra*, *kala*, and *bhavas* of each of the atoms, *dvipradeshi*, etc. *skandhas*, similarly, one should understand the past *ardhakalas*.
(2) In relation to the *pradeshas* (regions), *dharmastikaya* (substance of dharma), etc. are equal to both *alpabahutva-dharmastikaya* (substance of lesser multiplicity) and *adharmastikaya* (substance of non-dharma), because the *pradeshas* of both are equal to the *pradeshas* of *lokaakasha* (space of the world). Therefore, their *pradeshas* are the least compared to other *dravya*.
Compared to these two, *jivaastikaya* (substance of the soul) *pradeshas* are infinitely greater, because there are infinite *jiva* (souls), and the *pradeshas* of each *jiva* are equal to the *pradeshas* of *lokaakasha*.
Compared to that, *pudgalastikaya* (substance of pudgala) *pradeshas* are infinitely greater, because even if we leave out other classifications of *pudgala* and only take the *karma* classification, even a single *pradesha* of a *jiva* is covered by infinite-infinite *karma* atoms (*karma* *skandha* *pradeshas*).
Besides the *karma* classification, there are many other classifications like *oudarik* (generous), *vaikriya* (changeable), etc. Therefore, it is naturally established that the *pradeshas* of *pudgalastikaya* are infinitely greater than the *pradeshas* of *jivaastikaya*.
Compared to *pudgalastikaya*, the *pradeshas* of *ardhakalas* are infinitely greater, because as mentioned earlier, due to the relation of each *pudgalastikaya* with its respective (different) *dravya*, *kshetra*, *kala*, and *bhavas*, the past and future times are infinite-infinite.
Compared to *ardhakalas*, the *pradeshas* of *akashaastikaya* (substance of space) are infinitely greater, because *alokaakasha* (non-world space) is infinite and boundless everywhere.
In relation to *dravya* and *pradeshas*, *dharmastikaya*, etc. are less than *alpabahutva-dharmastikaya* and *adharmastikaya*, both in terms of *dravya*, because both are only one *dravya* each. But in terms of *pradeshas*, they are countless times greater than *dravya*, because both are countless-regioned.
*Akashaastikaya* is the least in terms of *dravya*, because it is one, but in terms of *pradeshas*, it is infinitely greater because its *pradeshas* are infinite-infinite.
*Jivaastikaya* is less in terms of *dravya* and countless times greater in terms of *pradeshas*, because each *jiva* has countless-countless *pradeshas* equal to the *pradeshas* of *lokaakasha*.
*Pudgalastikaya* is less in terms of *dravya*, because *dravya* is always less than *pradeshas*, but in terms of *pradeshas*, *pudgalastikaya* is countless times greater.
The question may arise that there are many *pudgalaskandha* in the world that are infinite-regioned, therefore, *pudgalastikaya* should be infinitely greater than *dravya* in terms of *pradeshas*.
... ...
1. *Sanyogapuraskarascha nama bhavinhi hi yujyate kale / Na hi sanyogapuraskaro hyasata kecidupapattah // 1 //* - *Prajnapanasutra* commentary, page 141
2. *Prajnapanasutra* commentary, page 141