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[12] [Prajñāpanasūtra [1670 u.] Gautama! It binds (the knowledge-obscuring karma) from two causes (places), namely, from attachment and aversion / Attachment is said to be of two types, namely, delusion and greed / Aversion is also said to be of two types, namely, anger and pride / Thus, the living being binds the knowledge-obscuring karma from four places (causes) generated from semen. 1671. And so it should be said from the hellish beings / [1671] From the hellish beings up to the celestial beings, in the same way (it should be said) / 1672. O Lord! How many causes do living beings bind the knowledge-obscuring karma? Gautama! From the aforementioned two causes (they bind) / And those two should be understood as having four types as before. 1673. And so it should be understood from the hellish beings / [1673] In the same way, it should be understood from many hellish beings up to the celestial beings / 1674. [1] And from the sight-obscuring karma up to the hindering karma / [1674-1] These same causes of karma-binding should be understood from the sight-obscuring karma up to the hindering karma. [2] And these are sixteen dandakas with the intention of oneness (singular) and multiplicity (plural). Discussion - How many causes are there for karma-binding? In the second gate, the order of binding of karma-natures and their external causes are explained, while in this third gate, the internal causes of karma-binding are considered. 'The nature of attachment-aversion and passions - That which is in the form of pleasure is called attachment and that which is in the form of displeasure is called aversion / Attachment is of two types - delusion and greed / Since both of these are in the form of pleasure, they are included in attachment, while anger and pride, both of these are in the form of displeasure, therefore they are included in aversion. Anger is in the form of displeasure, and pride is also in the form of displeasure because it is intolerant of the qualities of others.' Conclusion (according to the original text) The living being binds the knowledge-obscuring karma and the remaining seven karmas from the aforementioned (two and) four causes generated from its semen / 1. Paṇṇavaṇāsuta Part 2 (consideration on the 23rd verse) p. 125 2. Prajñāpanā. Prameyabodhinī Tīkā, p. 169 3. Ibid. p. 169