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## 360] Within the Jeevajeevaabhigamsutra, there are six defects of singing: Druta, Uppicch (agitated), Uttala, Kakaswara, and Anunas (singing through the nose). The eleven qualities of singing are described in detail in the Swaraprabhrut section of the Ekadashagunalankaar Purva. Currently, the Purva is incomplete, therefore, one should learn about these qualities from the remaining parts of the Purva, such as the Bharata, Vishakhila, and other singing scriptures. The eight qualities of singing with the eight qualities are as follows: Punnam, Rattam, Alankiyam, Vattam, Taheva Avighoot, Mahuram, Samam, Sullaliyam.
1. **Punnam:** A song that is complete and full of musical notes.
2. **Rattam:** A song that is sung with passion and attachment to the raga.
3. **Alankiyam:** A song that is adorned with unique and special musical notes.
4. **Vattam:** A song where the lyrics and notes are clearly pronounced.
5. **Avighoot:** A song that is free from dissonance and harshness.
6. **Mahuram:** A song that is sung with a sweet and melodious voice.
7. **Samam:** A song that is in harmony with the rhythm, tempo, and notes.
8. **Sullaliyam:** A song that is pleasing to the ears and sung with a beautiful and refined style.
These are the qualities of a good song. A song that is sung with three melodious sounds on the flute is called **Gujjanta Vansakuharam**. A song that is sung with passion and attachment to the raga is called **Rattam**. A song that is sung with purity from the chest, throat, and head is called **Tristhanakaranashuddha**. This means that the chest and throat are free from phlegm, and the head is calm and composed. A song that is sung in harmony with the flute and the stringed instruments is called **Sakuhara Gujjanta Vansatantoususampoutta**. A song that is sung in harmony with the hand claps is called **Talsusamprayukta**. A song that is sung in harmony with the rhythm, tempo, and notes of the stringed instruments is called **Talsamam Layasamprayukta Grahasusamprayukta**. A song that is captivating and enchanting is called **Manoharam**. A song that is sung with a soft voice and incorporates the notes of the stringed instruments is called **Maduribhitapadasanchaar**. A song that brings joy and delight to the listeners is called **Suraee**. A song that is sung with beautiful and graceful gestures is called **Sunati**. A song that has a unique and beautiful form is called **Varchaaruroopam**.
When the Kinnaras, Kimpurushas, Mahoragas, and Gandharvas sing a song with these qualities, they are filled with joy and delight. The sound that comes out of their mouths is so beautiful, it is like the sound of the finest jewels and grasses. Sri Gautam Swami asked, "Is the sound of these jewels and grasses really so beautiful?" The Lord replied, "Yes, Gautam! The sound of these jewels and grasses is truly beautiful."