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## Third Chapter: Classification of Fragrant Substances [273 /
The Lord said, "Gautama! There are seven fragrant substances (gandhang) and seven hundred sub-species of gandhang. Broadly, the seven gandhang are as follows: 1. Root, 2. Bark, 3. Wood, 4. Exudate, 5. Leaf, 6. Flower, and 7. Fruit.
"Musta, Valuka, Usira, etc. are derived from the word 'root'. Suvarna Chhal (gold bark), etc. are barks. Chandan, Agaru, etc. are derived from wood. Kapoor, etc. are exudates. From leaves, we have Jatipatra, Tamalpatra, etc. From flowers, we have Priyangu, Nagar, etc.
"From fruits, we have Jaiphal, Ilayachi, Laung, etc. These are the seven gandhang in a broad sense.
"When these seven gandhang are multiplied by five colors, we get thirty-five varieties. These are fragrant, so when multiplied by one (35 x 1 = 35), we get thirty-five varieties. In each color variety, five tastes are found due to the difference in substances. Therefore, multiplying the aforementioned 35 by 5, we get 175 (35 x 5 = 175).
"There are texts that mention touch, but in the aforementioned gandhang, only four touches - Mad, Lagha, Sheet, and Ushna - are considered in practice. Therefore, multiplying the aforementioned 175 varieties by 4, we get 700 (175 x 4 = 700) sub-species of gandhang."
After this, a question was asked about the total number of flower species. In response, the Lord said, "There are 16 lakh (1.6 million) species of flowers.
"There are four lakh (400,000) species of flowers that grow in water, such as lotus. There are four lakh (400,000) species of land-based flowers, such as Korant. There are four lakh (400,000) species of flowers from large trees, such as Mahua. And there are four lakh (400,000) species of flowers from large shrubs, such as Jati.
"In this way, sixteen lakh (1.6 million) species of flowers have been counted. There are four types of creepers and four hundred sub-species. There are four types of creepers in the original sense, and four hundred types due to sub-species variations. The four types are not clearly available.
"The original commentator also did not clarify them. There are one hundred types of creepers in the original sense and one hundred sub-species. There are three types of green plants in the original sense and three hundred sub-species. There are three types of green plants: aquatic, terrestrial, and amphibious. Each has one hundred sub-species, therefore, three hundred sub-species of green plants are mentioned.
"There are said to be a thousand types of fruits with seeds, such as brinjal, and a thousand types of fruits with a stalk. All these three hundred types and others, as well as all types of fruits, etc., are found under green plants.
"1. Root, bark, wood, exudate, leaf, flower, and fruit are the gandhang. They are to be understood by their color and other differences, as well as their fragrance and taste. // 1 //
"This is the explanation in two verses: Musta, Suvarna Chhal, Agaru, Valuka, Tamalpatra, etc. are gandhang. // 1 //
"Multiplying by seven hundred, by five colors, by fragrance, by taste, and by touch, we get the varieties. // 2 //"