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**Angpravist Shrut** is that which (1) is composed in the form of sutras by the Ganadharas, (2) is propounded by the Tirthankaras when questioned by the Ganadharas, (3) is eternal and long-lasting due to its relation to eternal truths. In this regard, it is said that the Dvadasanga Ganipitaka was never, is not, will never be, and will never be. It was, is, and will be. It is eternal, fixed, everlasting, imperishable, unchanging, existing, and constant.
**Angbahya Shrut** is that which (1) is established, (2) is propounded by the Tirthankaras without being questioned, (3) is universal, i.e., it is present in the Tirtha of all Tirthankaras. This is not the case, for example, with the Tandulavaicharik etc. chapters.
The commentator of the Nandi Sutra, Acharya Malayagiri, while explaining Angpravist and Angbahya, wrote: "The fundamental sutras composed by the Ganadharas, who are endowed with the most excellent knowledge of the Shrut, which are completely fixed, are the Angpravist Shrut like the Pracharanga etc. Other Shrut, composed by the Sthaviras, are the Angbahya Shrut."
Angbahya is of two types: **Aavashyak** and **Aavashyakvyatirikt**.
Aavashyakvyatirikt Shrut is of two types: (1) **Kalik** and (2) **Utkalik**.
The Shrut that is read in the first and last prahar of the night and day is **Kalik** Shrut, and that which can be read at any time by ringing the time bell is **Utkalik** Shrut. The Nandi Sutra mentions the names of Kalik and Utkalik sutras.
The most recent classification of Ang, Upang, Mul, and Chhed Agamas is: Ang, Upang, Mul, and Chhed.
The Nandi Sutra does not use the term Upang, nor does it mention Mul and Chhed. There, the term Angbahya is found in the sense of Upang.
Acharya Shrichand, whose time is considered to be before 1112 AD, composed the Sukhabodha Samachari. In it, he used the term "Upang" in the sense of Angbahya while describing the tapasvidhi of the study of the Agamas. The term Upang is also used in the Chandi literature.
The division of Mul and Chhed sutras cannot be said to have been established from the beginning.
The Pravacharcharit, composed in Vikram Samvat 1334, first mentions the division of Ang, Upang, Mul, and Chhed. The implication is that this division had already taken place in the latter half of the 13th century.
There is no consensus on the number and names of Mul and Chhed sutras.
Regarding the number of Ang literature, the Svetambaras and Digambaras are of one mind. They all accept twelve Angs. However, there are different opinions on the number of Angbahya Pragama.
The Svetambara Murtipujakas accept 45 Pragama, while the Sthanakvasi and Terapanthi accept 32 Agamas.
The Svetambara Murtipujakas consider 11 Ang, 12 Upang, 6 Mul sutras, 6 Chhed sutras, and 10 Painna - thus 45 Pragama - as authoritative. According to the Sthanakvasi and Terapanthi, 11 Ang, 12 Upang, 4 Mul sutras, 4 Chhed sutras, and 1 Praavashyak sutra - thus 32 - are considered authoritative at present.
**Jivajivoabhigam** - The Jivajivoabhigam Sutra presented here, according to the above classification, is Upang Shrut and Kalik Sutra:
1. Ganahar-therakayam va paesa mukkavagaranpo va / ghav-chalaviseso va angaange su naanattm / / - Visheshaavashyak Bhashya Ma. 550 [14]