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[60] There are two types of trees according to the *Jiva-Jiva-Abhigamsutra*: those with one seed and those with many seeds. Trees with one seed per fruit are called *Ekaasthik* and those with many seeds are called *Bahubijak*. Some of the names of *Ekaasthik* trees are mentioned in the *Jiva-Jiva-Abhigamsutra*, while the rest are to be known according to the *Prajnapanasutra*. The names of *Ekaasthik* trees mentioned in the *Prajnapanasutra* are: Neem, Mango, Jamun, Kosamb (wild plum), Saal, Ankoll (walnut or pistachio tree), Pilu, Selu (Lasoda), Sallki (hand-loving), Monkey, Maluk, Bakul (Moulusari), Palash (Dhak), Karanj (Nakamal); Putrajiva, Arista (Aritha), Vibhitak (Baheda), Harad, Bhallatak (Bhilawa), Umbebharia, Khirni, Dhatki (Dhavda) and Priyal; Putik (Nimba), Karanj, Slakshna, Shinsapa, Asan, Punnag (Nagkesar), Nagavriksh, Shripurni and Ashoka. All these are *Ekaasthik* trees. Similarly, all other trees that grow in different countries and have only one seed per fruit should be considered *Ekaasthik* trees.
The roots of these *Ekaasthik* trees contain countless living beings. Their tubers, stems, bark, branches and buds also contain countless living beings. However, their leaves contain one living being each. Their flowers contain many living beings and their fruits contain one seed.
The names of *Bahubijak* trees are mentioned in the *Pannavanasutra* as follows: Asthik, Tinduk, Kabith, Ambadg, Matuling (Bijaura), Bilva, Amalak (Pranvala), Pans (Ananas), Dadim, Ashvasth (Pipal), Udumbar (Gular), Vat (Bad), Nyagrodh (Big Bad); Nandivriksh, Pippali, Shatari, Plaksh, Kadumbari, Kastumbhari, Devadali, Tilak, Lavak (Lakucha-Litchi), Chatropka, Shirish, Saptaparna, Dadhiparna, Lodhra, Dhav, Chandan, Arjan, Nip, Kurj (Kutak) and Kadamb. Similarly, all other trees that have many seeds per fruit should be considered *Bahubijak*.
Among the names of trees mentioned above, some are well-known and some are specific to certain regions. Some names refer to the same tree but with different varieties. It is important to understand the different names used in different regions. The name 'Pamalak' (Pranvala) is found among the *Bahubijak* trees. It should be understood as referring to a specific type of tree other than the well-known Pranvala, because the well-known Pranvala has one seed and not many.
The roots of these *Bahubijak* trees contain countless living beings. Their tubers, stems, bark, branches and buds also contain countless living beings. Their leaves contain one living being each. Their flowers contain many living beings and their fruits contain many seeds.
1. *Prajnapanasutra*, First Chapter, Verses 13-14-15