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## Fourth Study: Pratikramana
**1. Arta-Dhyana:** When concentration takes the form of sorrow, it is called Arta-Dhyana.
**2. Raudra-Dhyana:** A person who harbors extremely cruel thoughts like violence is called Rudra. The mental state of a Rudra person is called Raudra-Dhyana. Alternatively, when there is an arising of attachment and aversion due to cutting, piercing, burning, binding, killing, striking, suppressing, and cutting, and there is no compassion, then such a self-result is called Raudra-Dhyana.
**3. Dharma-Dhyana:** Meditation imbued with the Dharma, which is the form of the command of the Vitaraga, is called Dharma-Dhyana. Alternatively, contemplation of the study of Agamas, observance of vows, bondage-liberation, restraint of senses, and compassion for beings is called Dharma-Dhyana.
**4. Shukla-Dhyana:** Meditation that purifies karmic impurities and removes sorrow is called Shukla-Dhyana. Dharma-Dhyana is the means of Shukla-Dhyana. It is also said: "The meditation of a great person whose senses are devoid of worldly desires, who is free from the three yogas (which are full of defects like resolve, imagination, and fluctuation), is called 'Shukla-Dhyana'."
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**Kriya Sutra:**
According to Jain definition, in this context, the evil business, especially the one that is primarily based on violence, is called 'Kriya'. There are 25 types of Kriya according to the detailed method, but all other Kriyas are included in the five Kriyas mentioned in the sutras, therefore, the original Kriyas are considered to be only five.
**1. Kayiki Kriya:** The action that takes place through the body is called Kayiki. There are three types of this. The action of Mithyadristi and Avirat Samyak-Dristi is called Avirat-Kayiki. The action of a Pramattasanyami Muni is:
1. **Sanchhedan-airedhana-bhanjan-maran-aishcha, bandha-prahar-daman-airvinikrintan-aishcha.** Rago-dayo bhavati yena na chanukampa, dhyanam tu raudramiti tatpravadanti tajjnaah.
2. **Sutrarth-sadhan-mahavrata-dharaneshu, bandha-pramoksha-gamana-agama-hetu-chinta.** Panchendriya-vyuparamashcha daya cha bhute, dhyanam tu dharmyamiti sampravadanti tajjnaah.
3. **Shodhayatyashta-prakaram karma-malam shucham va klamayatiti shuklam.**
4. **Yasyendriyani vishayeshu paraangmukhani, sankalpa-kalpana-vikalapa-vikar-doshaih.** Yogais tatha tribhiraho! Nibhritantaraatma, dhyanam tu shuklamidamasya samaadishanti.
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**Acharya Nami.**