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**Essential Sutra**
**Bondage Sutra**
This sutra states that attachment and aversion are bondage. Attachment and aversion lead to the binding of the eight types of karma. The tendency towards attachment and aversion arises from the emergence of *charitramoha*, which is a contaminant and destroyer of the life of restraint. As long as the impurity of attachment and aversion exists, the purity of *charitra* cannot be achieved in any way.
Attachment and aversion are two seeds, the disease of karmic bondage. Through the knowledge-born dispassion, one attains liberation and samadhi.
- Brihadaloyana (by Ranjit Singh)
Attachment is the culmination of delusion, by which the soul is stained by karma. Aversion is the ill-will, hatred, anger, etc., towards someone. Out of the four *kṣayās*, anger and pride are categorized under aversion, and delusion and greed are categorized under attachment.
**Danda Sutra**
- The punishment that the soul receives due to its evil tendencies, i.e., becoming a recipient of suffering, is called *danda*. There are three types of *danda*: 1. *Manodanda*, 2. *Vachanadanda*, and 3. *Kayadanda*.
1. **Manodanda** - 1. Feeling despondent, 2. Thinking cruel thoughts, 3. Having useless fantasies, 4. Wandering aimlessly without purpose, 5. Holding impure thoughts, 6. Feeling hatred, aversion, etc., towards someone. These evil tendencies cause the soul to be punished in the twenty-four *dandakas*.
2. **Vachanadanda** - 1. Speaking untruthfully, 2. Slandering others, gossiping, 3. Speaking harshly, 4. Praising oneself, 5. Speaking uselessly or without purpose, 6. Presenting a false image against the principles, etc.
3. **Kayadanda** - 1. Causing pain to someone, 2. Indulging in immoral behavior, 3. Stealing someone's belongings, 4. Being arrogant and haughty, 5. Wandering aimlessly, 6. Walking carelessly, etc.
Through these three, the soul performs evil actions and is punished. It wanders in the twenty-four *dandakas*, becoming a recipient of afflictions. Therefore, these are called *danda*.
**Gupti Sutra**
*Gupti* - To refrain from evil actions and engage in virtuous actions is *gupti*. Alternatively, to protect the soul properly from the causes of the world, to stop the evil tendencies of the three *yogas*, and to prevent the incoming *karma* like garbage is *gupti*. There are three types of *gupti*: 1. *Manogupti*, 2. *Vachanagupti*, 3. *Kayagupti*.
**Manogupti** - The resolve related to the beginning, commencement, and initiation of *artha*, *raudriya*, and *dhyana* related to the mind.