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On the second day, two, in this way, on the full moon, fifteen *grasa* of food are taken. In the same way, in the dark fortnight, on the first day, fourteen *grasa*, reducing one *grasa* each day, on the fourteenth day, one *grasa* is eaten, and on the new moon, a fast is observed. If someone starts the fast from the first day of the dark fortnight, then on the first day, he eats fourteen *grasa* and gradually reduces the *grasa*. On the fourteenth day, he eats one *grasa* and on the new moon, he does not eat even one *grasa*, then on the first day of the bright fortnight, he takes one *grasa* and increases it, eating fifteen *grasa* on the full moon. In this situation, the month is *purnamantha*. In this sequence, there is not even one *grasa* in the middle of the fast. The number of *grasa* is more at the beginning and end. This atonement is called *pipilikamdhya chandrayan*. There are various types mentioned in relation to the *chandrayan* fast.
In this way, various types of austerities are mentioned in the scriptures for removing various atonements. We are not mentioning all of them here, but we are suggesting that you read the history of Dharma Shastra, Part 3, written by Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane. There is a detailed discussion and debate on this.
## Commentary Literature *Nishithanuyukti*
*Nishitha* has a very glorious place in the *Chhedasutras*. To express the secrets contained in it, commentary literature has been created on it from time to time. First, a commentary in Prakrit language was written in verse form. That commentary is famous as *Nishithanuyukti*. In it, the main focus is on the explanation of technical terms, not on the explanation of each verse of the original text. This style of commentary is based on the *nikshepa* method. In the *nikshepa* method, after giving many possible meanings of a single word, the non-presented meanings are negated and the presented meaning is accepted. This method has been very popular in jurisprudence. *Bhadrabahuswami* considered this method suitable for *sikti*. He has written in *Aavashyakaniyukti* that a word has many meanings, but which meaning is appropriate for which context. Which meaning was associated with which word at the time of the teachings of *Shraman Bhagwan Mahavira*, etc., keeping all these things in mind, it is necessary to decide the meaning correctly. And the purpose of *niyukti* is to establish the relationship of that meaning with the words of the original text. In other words, *niyukti* is a commentary that explains the definite relationship between the text and the meaning. Or, *niyukti* is a method that explains the meaning with certainty. The famous German scholar *Sarpeentier*, while defining *niyukti*, has written that "niyuktis only work as an index of their main part. They briefly mention all the detailed events."
In *Nishithanuyukti* also, the words of the text have been explained using the *nikshepa* method. The verses of the present *niyukti* are:
1. *Lama*
2. *Aavashyakaniyukti*, verse 88
3. *Sutrarthayo: parasparam niyojan sambandhan niyukti:*
- *Aavashyakaniyukti*, verse 83
4. *Nischyena arthapratipadikayukti: niyukti:*
- *Acharangani*, 1/2/1
5. Introduction of *Uttaraadhyayana*, page 50-51
6. (65)