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## [436]
[Nishīthasūtra
3. Ṭhāṇāṅga a. 10 mentions 10 faults in criticism as follows: 1. Criticizing after pleasing someone with service etc. 2. Criticizing by pleading for less penance etc. 3. Criticizing faults seen by others. 4. Criticizing major faults. 5. Criticizing minor faults. 6. Speaking very unclearly. 7. Speaking very loudly. 8. Criticizing the same fault to many people. 9. Criticizing someone who is not receptive. 10. Criticizing someone who indulges in the same faults.
Criticism is pure only when the above points are considered with proper discernment. If the listener is not worthy, then criticism can be given to a member of the same <i>gaccha</i>, another <i>gaccha</i>, or a <i>śrāvaka</i>, etc. in sequence. Finally, the provision for criticizing with the witness of Arhats and Siddhas is also mentioned in Vyavahāra U. 1.
Ṭhāṇāṅga a. 3 states that criticism and penance are performed for the pure worship of knowledge, vision, and conduct. One who does not criticize and perform penance for their faults spoils both this world and the next, becomes a hypocrite, and makes the soul a participant in lower realms.
Among the many reasons for not criticizing, the main reason is the fear of humiliation and disgrace. But this is a state of ignorance. Because one who becomes pure by criticizing attains complete samadhi in this life and the next, while one who does not criticize becomes inwardly distressed in this life and attains non-samadhi in both worlds. By not criticizing, one becomes a long-lived being due to a painful death.
If a monk hides faults committed once or many times in the fundamental virtues or the secondary virtues, does not criticize the committed faults, and does not perform penance, then the accountant should question him about the committed faults.
If he speaks falsely and claims to be innocent, then someone should be appointed to observe him committing the fault and, with proof, the fault should be proven in front of him and penance should be given.
There is no provision for penance for such a deceitful person in the nineteen <i>uddeśakas</i>. These only contain provisions for penance for those who criticize voluntarily. If the aforementioned deceitful monk does not readily accept the committed faults, he should be expelled from the <i>gaccha</i>.
If he readily accepts the committed faults and the <i>gaccha</i> leader is convinced of his sincerity, then he can be kept in the <i>gaccha</i> after giving him the following penance:
1. If he has not committed the fault many times, and has not spoken falsely many times, and has not...