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## Nishīthসূত্র (Nishīth Sutra)
**6. Yūpaka:** The mixed state of time during sunset and lunar eclipse on the first, second, and third days of the Shukla Paksha (bright fortnight) is called Yūpaka. During the first prahar (watch) of these days, there is asvādhȳāya (unfavorable time for study). This is also called the asvādhȳāya of the बालचन्द्र (young moon).
**7. Yakṣadīpta:** The sight of numerous forms of luminous pudgalas (particles) in the light. This has an asvādhȳāya of one prahar.
**8. Dhūmikā:** The falling of dark smoke. As long as it persists, there is asvādhȳāya.
**9. Mahikā:** The falling of ordinary smoke without darkness. As long as it persists, there is also asvādhȳāya. During both these asvādhȳāyas, to avoid violating the apkāya (body), bodily and verbal activities like copying are also not performed. The time for these occurrences is the months of Kārttika, Mārgaśīrṣa, Pauṣa, and Māgha. In other words, during these months, sometimes, in some places, smoke or mahikā falls. In some years, it may not fall in some areas.
A similar sight occurs in mountainous regions when clouds move around. However, their nature is different from smoke, so there is no asvādhȳāya for them.
**10. Raj Udghata:** The covering of light by dust and the falling of dust. As long as it persists, there is asvādhȳāya. The Bhāṣya (commentary) states that if dust falls for three days with awareness, then after that, apart from study, copying, etc., should also not be done because dust spreads everywhere with awareness. These are the ten asvādhȳāyas related to the sky.
**11-12-13. Hadḍī-Māṃsa-Khūna-Tiyanc:** If bone or flesh is visible within 60 hastas (cubits) for animals and 100 hastas for humans, there is asvādhȳāya. If the bones are burnt or washed, there is no asvādhȳāya. Otherwise, there is asvādhȳāya for 12 years. The same should be understood for teeth.
If blood is visible or its smell is present, there is asvādhȳāya. Otherwise, there is no asvādhȳāya. In other words, the limit of 60 hastas or 100 hastas does not apply to this. There is asvādhȳāya for three prahars for the blood of animals and for a whole day and night for human blood.
If a girl is born in a house near the upāśraya (Jain temple), there is asvādhȳāya for eight days, and if a boy is born, there is asvādhȳāya for seven days. In this, the limit of seven houses attached to the wall is considered. If a birth occurs for an animal, there is asvādhȳāya for three prahars after the placenta falls.
**14. Aśuci:** As long as human excrement is visible or its smell is present, there is asvādhȳāya. If the smell of animal excrement is present, there is asvādhȳāya, otherwise not. There is asvādhȳāya near a urinal, etc., where the smell of human urine is present. There is also asvādhȳāya where the smell of city drains and sewers is present. If any human smells the bodily pudgalas of an animal, there is also asvādhȳāya.