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## Fourth Uddeshak
[101] The first and second two bhangas in the fourfold classification of dravya and bhava are related to the soul, and their pratyachitt is as described. There is no pratyachitt mentioned in the sutras for the two bhangas related to the non-soul.
The commentator has mentioned pratyachitt for "achitt akhand" as well, but this cannot be the intention of the sutrakar. The following passages should be considered:
1. "Adu javaitth luhenam, ayanam manthukummassenam." Pra. Su. 1, A. 9, U. 4, Ga. 4
2. "Avi suiyam va sukkam va, sipidam puranakummasan." Adu bukkasan va pulagam va, laddhe pinde aladdhe davie. Pra. Su. 1, A. 9, U. 4, Ga. 13
3. "Ayamgam cheva javodanam cha, siyam sovir-javodagam cha." Utt. A. 15, Ga. 13
4. "Patani cheva sevejja, siyar yapadam puranakummasan. Adu bukkasan pulagam va, javanatthae nisevae manthu." Utt. A. 8, Ga. 12
5. "Dasavai. A. 5. U. 1, Ga. 98" mentions "manthukummāsabhoyānam."
It is clear from the above passages that Bhagwan Mahavir Swami consumed food like rice, urad dal, etc., which are achitt akhand. The Uttaradhyayanasutra mentions the consumption of "jav" (barley) porridge and urad dal sprouts. Even today, porridge made from rice, bajra, barley, etc., and dishes made from whole moong dal, chana dal, etc., are common.
Therefore, it is not appropriate to consider the consumption of achitt akhand grains like rice, etc., as requiring pratyachitt. Instead, it should be understood as pratyachitt for the consumption of sachit grains and seeds.
The pratyachitt for knowingly consuming sachit grains and unknowingly consuming them is different. This should be understood from the pratyachitt table given at the beginning of the first uddeshak.
## Pratyachitt for consuming vigaya without permission
32. "Je bhikkhu ayariy-uvjjaaehi avidinnam annayaran vigai ahare, aharetam va saijjai."
A monk who consumes any vigaya without the specific permission of the acharya or upadhyaya, or who approves of someone else doing so, incurs laghumasik pratyachitt.
## Explanation
1. If the acharya or upadhyaya is present, then their permission should be sought. Otherwise, the permission of the upadhyaya should be sought, or, by implication, the permission of the senior monk or sthavir under whose guidance or in whose company the monk is living.
2. A sadhu always seeks permission before consuming food. However, this permission only allows for the consumption of food without vigaya. If it is necessary to consume vigaya like ghee or milk, then specific permission should be sought.
According to general practice, a sadhu can only consume food without vigaya. If it is necessary to consume food with vigaya due to special circumstances, then the sadhu cannot consume vigaya without the permission of the acharya.