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## First Study: Gaathapaati Aananad
[53 types of vehicles exist. Preparing, selling, etc. of such vehicles, their parts or components is included in Shaktakarma. In today's situation, factories that manufacture trains, cars, scooters, bicycles, trucks, tractors, etc. also fall under this category.
Bhaatikarma - Bhaati means fare. The business of renting out bulls, horses, buffaloes, mules, etc.
Sphotankarma - Sphotan means to break, demolish or dig. The business of digging mines, breaking stones, digging wells, ponds and bawdis, etc. falls under Sphotan-karma.
Dantavaanijya - The main meaning is the trade of ivory. However, the trade of bones, leather, etc. should also be included here by implication.
Laakshavaanijya - The trade of lac.
Rasavaanijya - The trade of intoxicating substances like liquor, etc. Although the word 'ras' is generally used for sugarcane and fruit juices, that is not the meaning here.
Many Acharyas have also included the trade of honey, meat, fat, butter, milk, curd, ghee, oil, etc. in Rasavaanijya.
Vishvaanijya - The trade of various types of poisons. The trade of weapons like swords, knives, daggers, guns, bows, arrows, gunpowder, firecrackers, etc. is also included under Vishvaanijya.
Keshavaanijya - The word 'kesh' used here is metaphorical. Keshavaanijya means the business of buying and selling living beings like slaves, maids, cows, buffaloes, goats, sheep, camels, horses, etc. Some Acharyas have also included the trade of cowtail hair in this. These are used to make chawars. This is not the case with peacock feathers and wool. The trade of cowtail hair is included here because of the killing involved.
Yantrapidaankarma - The business of extracting oil from oilseeds like sesame, mustard, taramira, tori, peanuts, etc. using a kolhu or ghani.
Nilaanchanakarma - The business of castrating bulls, buffaloes, etc.
Davaagnidapan - The business of setting fire to forests. This fire is extremely terrifying and uncontrolled. It causes the horrific destruction of many mobile and immobile beings in the forest.
Sarhadatadaagshoshan - Drying up of lakes, ponds, etc. water bodies.
Asati-jan-poshan - Nourishing and employing prostitutes, etc. for adultery. This is truly a reprehensible act for a Shravak. It spreads immorality in society and encourages adultery.
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