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## Translation:
**44]**
[This comes from the Upasakadasangasutra. Commentators have also discussed the binding of slaves, etc. Binding them in a way that causes them suffering is also included in this transgression. The mention of binding slaves, etc., points to the time in India when slaves and slave girls were bought and sold like animals and unjust materials. The master had complete authority over them. Like animals, they were forced to serve them for life.
The scriptures mention two types of binding - one is Artha-bandh and the other is Anartha-bandh. Binding for a purpose or reason falls under Artha-bandh, such as binding someone for medical treatment or to protect them from danger. Binding without purpose or reason is Anartha-bandh. It is completely violence. This falls under Anartha-danda in the eighth vow called Anartha-danda-viraman. There should be no contaminated emotions like anger, cruelty, hatred associated with binding for a purpose. If they are present, it is a transgression. Commentators have divided Artha-bandh into two categories - relative and absolute. Relative binding is one from which one can be released, for example, if a fire breaks out and an animal is tied there, if it is lightly tied, it can escape from there. Such binding does not fall under transgression. But the binding from which one cannot be released even after trying in a fearful situation is absolute binding. It falls under transgression. Because the bound creature suffers greatly due to not being able to escape, it may even die.
Vadh - Generally, the meaning of Vadh is to kill someone. But here Vadh is not used in this sense. Because killing someone would completely violate the vow of non-violence. It is a sin. Here Vadh is used in the sense of a fatal blow, a blow that causes harm to the limbs or body parts of the struck person.
Chhavi-chhed - Chhavi means beauty. It is also used to mean a limb. Chhavi-chhed means to destroy someone's beauty, splendor, or to mutilate their limbs. Cutting off someone's limb naturally makes them devoid of beauty. Cutting off someone's limb in a fit of anger is included in this transgression. Cutting the tails, ears, etc., of pet animals like dogs for entertainment is also included in this transgression.
Ati-bhar - Loading more weight on animals, slaves, etc., than their strength can bear is included in Ati-bhar. In today's language, taking more work from servants, laborers, authorized employees than their capacity is Ati-bhar.
Bhakta-pan-vyavchhed - This means to obstruct or hinder food and drink. For example, not giving your dependent animal sufficient fodder and water on time, keeping it hungry and thirsty. The same applies to slaves and slave girls. Creating obstacles or disruptions in their food and drink arrangements is included in this transgression. In today's language, not providing your servants and employees, etc., with food and drink on time...