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## First Study: Gathapati Anand
**[43]** Sometimes, doubts arise in the mind of a devotee: "Will the fruits of my religious practices, austerities, etc., be realized?" This doubt is called **vichchikitsa**. When such a doubtful feeling arises in the mind, the pace of work naturally slows down, and discouragement increases. This situation is a major obstacle to the success of the work. A **samyaktvī** should avoid this.
**[Par-Paashand-Prashansa]** According to linguistics, the meaning of a word can change completely over time in different circumstances. This is the case with the word **paashand**. The word **paashand** or **paashandi** used today is a form of this, but the meaning then and now is completely different. In the time of Lord Mahavira and for centuries after, the word **paashandi** was used for followers of other faiths. Today, the word **paashand** has a derogatory meaning. A hypocrite is called a **paashandi**. In ancient times, the word **paashand** was not associated with condemnation. In Ashoka's inscriptions, this word has been used for followers of other faiths in many places.
**Par-Paashand-Prashansa** is the fourth **atichaar** of **samyaktvī**, which means that a **samyaktvī** should not be an admirer of followers of other faiths. The word **prashansa** used here does not mean practical courtesy, but its theoretical meaning. Being an admirer of followers of other faiths means respecting their religious principles. This happens only when there is a lack of faith in one's own beliefs. In other words, it is an indication of a weakening of faith. A person should remain firm in the faith that they have adopted after careful consideration. Such acts of praise, etc., certainly hinder the firmness of faith. Therefore, this is not narrow-mindedness, but a useful measure to strengthen faith.
**[Par-Paashand-Sanstav]** The meaning of **sanstav** is close contact or intimate acquaintance. Religious contact or association with followers of other faiths, **paashandis**, is not beneficial for a devotee. It can lead to deviation in their faith.
**[Ahimsa-Vrat Atichaar]**
**[45]** After this, a **shramanopasaka** should know the five major **atichaars** of the **sthūla-prāṇātipāta-viramaṇa** vow, and should not practice them. They are as follows:
* **Bandha**
* **Vadha**
* **Chhavi-Chheda**
* **Atibhāra**
* **Bhakta-Pān-Vyavachheda**
**[Discussion]**
**Bandha** - This means to tie. To tie animals, etc., in such a way that they suffer, is **bandha**.