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## First Study: Gathapati Ananda
**Concealing one's cunning, 4. Deception, cheating or fraud.**
These are the reasons why beings are born in the human realm:
1. **Praकृति - Bhadrata** - Natural goodness, kindness, where there is no fear or harm to anyone, 2. **Praकृति - Vineeta** - Natural humility, 3. **Sanukrosh** - Compassion, mercy, and 4. **Amatsarta** - Absence of envy.
These are the reasons why beings are born in the divine realm:
1. **Sarag-Samyama** - Restraint with attachment, or conduct before the destruction of attachment, 2. **Samyama-Samyama - Desh-Virati** - Shravak Dharma, 3. **Akama - Nirjara** - Enduring hardship without desire for liberation or due to compulsion, 4. **Bal-Tap** - Austerity in a state of ignorance or falsehood.
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Thereafter, the Lord explains how beings go to hell, experience pain like the Nairyika in hell, and suffer physical and mental pain like those born in the animal realm. Human life is impermanent, filled with suffering from disease, old age, death, and pain. In the divine realm, gods and goddesses attain prosperity and divine happiness. Thus, the Lord has explained hell, hellish existence, the animal realm, the human realm, the divine realm, the realm of the liberated, and the six realms of existence.
The Lord has explained how beings are bound by karma, become liberated, experience afflictions, how many unattached individuals end their suffering, how beings with painful, agonizing, and troubled minds attain the ocean of suffering, how beings who attain detachment destroy the karmic knot, how the fruits of actions performed with attachment are sinful, how beings attain the state of liberation by being completely free from karma.
Further, the Lord explained that there are two types of Dharma: Agara-Dharma and Anagara-Dharma. In Anagara-Dharma, the seeker renounces all harmful actions, becomes a monk, and leaves the household life for the Anagara state. He completely refrains from violence, falsehood, stealing, sexual misconduct, attachment, and eating at night.
The Lord said, "O Auspicious one! This is the Dharma that is to be followed by the Anagaras." Those who are diligent in the study, practice, and conduct of this Dharma, and are free from attachment, are the followers of the Arhat's teachings.
The Lord explained that Agara-Dharma is of 12 types: 5 Anuvratas, 3 Gunavratas, and 4 Shikshavrata. The 5 Anuvratas are: 1. Refraining from violence, 2. Refraining from falsehood, 3. Refraining from stealing, 4. **Swadarasantosh** - The limit of sexual intercourse with one's own wife, 5. **Ichcha** - The limit or restriction of the desire for possessions.
The 3 Gunavratas are: 1. **Anarth-Dand - Viramna** - Refraining from actions harmful to the soul or detrimental to one's virtues,