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[First Study: Gāthāpati Ānanda]
. [In the 23 Mehuṇa-pariggahe, there are Kōha (anger), Māṇa (pride), Māyā (deceit), Lōbha (greed) up to (Pejjā, Dōsa, Kalaha, Abbhakkhāṇa, Pesunṇa, Paraparivaḍe, Aratiratī, Māyāmōsa,) Micchā-daṃsaṇa-salla (wrong belief), there is Pāṇātivāya-veramaṇe (abstinence from killing living beings), Musāvāya-veramaṇe (abstinence from false speech), Adinnādāna-veramaṇe (abstinence from stealing), Mehuṇa-veramaṇe (abstinence from sexual misconduct), Pariggaha-veramaṇe (abstinence from attachment) up to Micchādaṃsaṇa-salla-vivēga (separation from wrong belief). He declares that everything has the nature of existence, everything has the nature of non-existence, well-performed karmas bear good fruits, ill-performed karmas bear bad fruits, he experiences merit and demerit, the souls transmigrate, the auspicious and meritorious are successful.
He expounds the Dharma, this very Nirgranthas' (Jain) teaching, which is true, unsurpassed, absolute, pure, complete, leading to the goal, sharp-edged, the path to perfection, the path to liberation, the path to one's own nature, the path to Nirvāṇa, the path that removes all sufferings without any falsehood or deception. The living beings here attain, understand, get liberated, and completely extinguish all sufferings. Some, however, by the residue of their past karmas, are reborn as deities in other celestial realms, attaining great powers and great happiness, distant and long-lasting. There, they become deities with great powers and long-lasting, adorned with garlands and ornaments, shining brightly, with auspicious and meritorious births, stays, and arrivals.
Thus, living beings perform karmas for rebirth in the hells through four means: great violence, great attachment, the five senses, and impure food. Similarly, through this craving, they are reborn in the animal world through deceitfulness, cunning, false speech, greed, and deception. In the human world, through natural goodness, natural discipline, tolerance of abuse, and non-possessiveness. In the celestial realms, through controlled passion, mixed control and non-control, effortless karmic shedding, and the austerities of childhood.
He explains how beings go to the hells, the hells where they experience birth-related sufferings, the bodily and mental sufferings of the animal world, the impermanence, suffering, old age, death, and afflictions of the human world, and the happiness of the celestial realms. He also describes the hells, the animal world, the human state, the celestial realms, and the Siddhas' abode, the six types of living beings. He explains how beings get bound, how they get liberated, and how some attain the end of sufferings without any obstruction. The eighty-four-aspected minds through which living beings enter the ocean of suffering.