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## First Study
**The Curiosity of Gaathapaati Aanand Jamboo: Sudharma's Answer**
1. **Teṇam kāleṇam teṇam samaeṇam**
Champa naam nayari hottha. Vaṇṇao.
Puṇṇabhaddhe cheie. Vaṇṇao.
**Translation:**
In that time, in that era, there was a city named Champa. (It is described in the Aupapatik Sutra). There was a Chaitya named Puṇṇabhaddhe. (It is also described in the Aupapatik Sutra).
**Explanation:**
Here, the words "kaal" (time) and "samay" (era) are used. While they are often synonyms, in Jain terminology, there is a difference. "Kaal" refers to general time, while "samay" refers to the smallest unit of time. However, here, they are not used with this distinction. This is a characteristic of the descriptive style of Jain Agamas, where the same thing is often said using many synonyms, synonymous words, or words with similar meanings. This helps to clearly express the meaning and presents a very clear word-picture of an event, story, or situation to the readers. Here, "kaal" refers to the end of the fourth Ara of the present Avasarpini, and "samay" refers to the era or time when Arya Sudharma existed.
Here, the city of Champa and the Chaitya Parṇabhaddhe are mentioned. The word "Vaṇṇao" is used after both. In Jain Agamas, there is an accepted way of describing common subjects like cities, villages, gardens, etc. For example, the general order of describing a city applies to all cities. The same is true for others.
Before being written down, Jain Agamas were memorized through oral tradition. This style was probably adopted for ease of memorization. Also, cities, gardens, etc., are generally quite similar.
122. **Teṇam kāleṇam teṇam samaeṇam aj-suhamme samosarie, jaav jamboo samaṇassa bhagavao mahavirass antevaasi aj-suhamme naam there jaati-sampanne, kul-sampanne, ruv**
**Translation:**
In that time, in that era, Aj-Suhamme was a Samosari, until Jamboo, the last of the great Tirthankara Mahavira, Aj-Suhamme was a Thera, born into a noble family, well-born, handsome...