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It is not accepted in Indian thought that a person should spend the last part of their life in contemplation, meditation, and practice of the soul when they are capable of fulfilling their duties to their family, society, and home. In Vedic Dharma, there are four stages of life: Brahmacharya, Grihastha, Vanaprastha, and Sannyasa. Brahmacharya is the time for studying and acquiring skills. Grihastha is the time for fulfilling worldly responsibilities. Vanaprastha is the time between Grihastha and Sannyasa, where a person gradually detaches themselves from worldly attachments and strives to reach Sannyasa. The Vedic scripture says, "One should repay the three debts and then dedicate their mind to liberation." This means that after fulfilling the debt to the Rishis (Brahmacharya), the debt to the ancestors (Grihastha), and the debt to the gods (Vanaprastha), a person should dedicate their life to liberation. This means completely detaching oneself from worldly desires and dedicating one's life to the pursuit of liberation.
While Jainism does not have such an Ashrama system, it does have a well-organized path for Shravakas to progress towards liberation. Shravaka-Pratimas are one form of this, where a householder gradually progresses towards liberation, forbearance, and a restrained lifestyle.
The ten Shravakas of Lord Mahavira were wise. They did not just listen to what they received from the Lord, as evidenced by their immediate acceptance of the Shravaka vows. They also held the intention to dedicate themselves to Dharma, free from worldly responsibilities, relationships, and attachments, when the time was right. The account of Ananda mentions that after receiving the vows from Lord Mahavira, he progressed towards liberation for fourteen years. In the fifteenth year, one night, he thought that his sons were now capable and he should take a break from his family and social responsibilities.
People in those times were very determined. They did not delay in implementing their good thoughts. Ananda did not delay either. The next day, he hosted a feast for his family, friends, and citizens, informed them of his decision, and in their presence, entrusted his eldest son with his family and social responsibilities. Hosting a feast for many people was not just a show of display. There was a psychological reason behind it. Entrusting responsibilities in the presence of respected and influential members of society held significance. The son accepting the responsibility in their presence was also important. This way, the son would not go back on his word. The respect for those people, the reverence for them, and the pleasant relationships with them would continue to inspire him to fulfill his responsibilities.
Just as Ananda did, the other nine Shramanopasakas did the same. They also appointed their sons to their respective positions in the management of social and family affairs in the presence of many influential people, after a collective feast. Their thoughts and actions were very beautiful. From this perspective, ancient India was truly excellent and desirable. The great poet Kalidasa, in his famous epic Raghuvansha, describes the Suryavanshi kings, the ancestors of Lord Rama, writing:
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