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## The Thirty-Third Chapter
**Sun:**
In those whose minds are bewildered by the web of contradictory and irrelevant words, and who are devoid of faith and understanding, omniscience resides in you. (137)
Just as the lotus flower blooms with the rising rays of the sun emerging from the ocean, so too do you shine forth with the brilliance of your words. (138)
Every substance exists only in relation to its own fourfold nature (substance, space, time, and mode), but does not exist in relation to the fourfold nature of others. It is also inexpressible because both these aspects cannot be asserted together. Thus, every substance primarily possesses three aspects: existence, non-existence, and inexpressibility. From these primary aspects, seven aspects arise through combination. For example, "The living being exists." Here, the living being and existence are in a qualifier-qualified relationship. The qualifier resides only in the qualified, therefore the existence of the living being is only in the living being, not elsewhere. Similarly, "The living being does not exist." Here too, the living being and non-existence are in a qualifier-qualified relationship. Therefore, according to the above rule, non-existence is only in the living being, not elsewhere. These aspects of existence and non-existence of the living being cannot be asserted together, therefore there is also an aspect called inexpressibility.
When only the aspect of existence of the living being is intended, then the first assertion is "Perhaps the living being exists." When the aspect of non-existence is intended, then the second assertion is "The living being does not exist." When both are intended in sequence, then the third assertion is "Perhaps the living being exists and does not exist." When both are intended simultaneously, then the fourth assertion is "Perhaps it is inexpressible," because two contradictory aspects cannot be asserted at the same time. When the aspects of existence and inexpressibility are intended, then the fifth assertion is "Perhaps the living being exists and is inexpressible." When the aspects of non-existence and inexpressibility are intended, then the sixth assertion is "Perhaps the living being does not exist and is inexpressible." And when the aspects of existence, non-existence, and inexpressibility are intended, then the seventh assertion is "Perhaps the living being exists, does not exist, and is inexpressible."
In relation to combination, every substance possesses each aspect in seven forms of assertion. Therefore, to express them, the Jina Bhagavan taught through the seven-fold assertion (group of seven assertions) form of speech. When the aspect of existence of the living being is being explained, its remaining aspects should not be considered absent. Therefore, the word "perhaps" is used to indicate intention, and words like "indeed" and "certainly" are used to remove doubt. Thus, the sentence "Perhaps the living being exists indeed" means that the living being exists in relation to something. Similarly, the meaning of other sentences should be understood.
Jainism, with its comprehensive vision, asserts all the aspects of a substance according to intention. Therefore, it is called the doctrine of Syadvada. In fact, without this all-encompassing vision, the complete nature of a thing cannot be expressed. (136)
O Dev, omniscience resides in you, in those whose minds are bewildered by the web of contradictory and irrelevant words, and who are devoid of faith and understanding. (137)
**Meaning:** Only one who speaks without contradiction can be omniscient. The words of other gods and goddesses of the world contain contradictions, which reveal their deluded minds. Considering all these reasons, it is not believable that "they were omniscient." But your words, i.e., your teachings, do not contain any contradictions, and you have described all the aspects of a thing. This shows