Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
## Description of Nandishwar Island and Devalok
**Chapter 4, Verse 105 of Yoga Shastra**
Adorned with flags and wells, the Jain temple's sanctum sanctorum houses a **Manipithika** (jewel pedestal) 8 yojanas high, 16 yojanas long, and 8 yojanas wide. Above this is a **Devachhand** (divine canopy) made of jewels, even larger in size. Within it reside 108 eternal **Paryakasan** (seated) images of the **Jineshwara** (Jain Tirthankaras):
1. **Rishabha**
2. **Vardhaman**
3. **Chandrasan**
4. **Varishen**
Each image is accompanied by two **Nagakumar** (snake princes), two **Yaksha** (guardian deities), two **Bhoot** (spirits), and two **Kundadhar** (water-bearers). On either side are two figures holding **chamar** (fly whisks), and behind each image is a figure holding a **chhatra** (umbrella). Also present are **Bhadrasan** (auspicious seat), **Mangalpushp** (auspicious flower), **Angeri** (incense burner), **Patlak** (cloth), and **Chhatraasan** (umbrella seat), along with a **ghanta** (bell), **chandan ghanta** (sandalwood bell), **gar** (incense), and **darpan** (mirror).
As mentioned in the scriptures, there are two **Ratikara** mountains for every two wells. On these 32 mountains, there are 32 Jain temples, as previously described. On auspicious days, **Vidhyadhar** (celestial beings) and **Devatas** (deities) celebrate festivals here, offering **vandana** (salutations), **namaskaar** (prostrations), **stuti** (praises), and **puja** (worship). Such **Jinpratima** (Jain images) reside within these temples.
A **Ratikara** mountain, resembling a **jhallari** (a type of ornament) and made of jewels, stands 1,000 yojanas high and 10,000 yojanas wide. It adorns the **Vidisha** (central region) of the island. In each of the four directions of this mountain, extending for a lakh yojanas, are eight capitals of **Shakra** (Indra) and **Ishan** (Indra), the chief queens of **Jambudweep**. Around each capital is a fort made of pure **mani** (jewel) and within it is a Jain temple adorned with exquisite and beautiful jewel-encrusted images. We praise these temples, located on 20 and 52 **girishikhar** (mountain peaks). I bow to the 32 or 16 Jain temples that reside in the capitals of the **Indraani** (Indra's queens).
Surrounding Nandishwar Island is the **Nandishwar Samudra** (ocean), a circular ring. Beyond it lies **Arunadweep** (Arun Island) and **Arunasamudra** (Arun Ocean). Further out are **Arunavaradweep** (Arunavar Island) and **Arunavarsamudra** (Arunavar Ocean), followed by **Arunaabhasadweep** (Arunaabhas Island) and **Arunaabhasasamudra** (Arunaabhas Ocean). Next come **Kundaladweep** (Kundala Island) and **Kundalasamudra** (Kundala Ocean), followed by **Ruchkadweep** (Ruchka Island) and **Ruchkasamudra** (Ruchka Ocean). In this manner, there are countless islands and oceans, each twice as large as the previous one, with names like **Prashasht** (wide). Finally, there is the **Swayambhurmanasamudra** (Self-born Ocean).
Of these islands and oceans, only **Bharat**, **Airavat**, and **Mahavideh** are **karmabhoomi** (lands of karma), excluding **Devakuru** and **Uttarakuru** (two of the seven continents). The water of **Kalodadhi** (Black Ocean), **Pushkarasamudra** (Lotus Ocean), and **Swayambhurmanasamudra** (Self-born Ocean) tastes like ordinary water. The water of **Lavanasamudra** (Salt Ocean) tastes like salt. The water of **Varunodhadhisamudra** (Varuna Ocean) tastes like various types of wine. The water of **Kshirasamudra** (Milk Ocean) tastes like cow's milk mixed with one-fourth part of sugar and ghee. The water of **Ghritasamudra** (Ghee Ocean) tastes like freshly cooked ghee. The water of the remaining oceans tastes like a mixture of one-third part of freshly squeezed sugarcane juice with cinnamon, **tamalpatra** (bay leaf), cardamom, and **nagakeasar** (mesua ferrea).
**Lavanasamudra** (Salt Ocean), **Kalodadhi** (Black Ocean), and **Swayambhurmanasamudra** (Self-born Ocean) are abundant with fish, turtles, etc., but the other oceans are not. In **Jambudweep** (Jambudvipa), there are always four **Jighnya** (inferior) Tirthankaras, **Chakravarti** (universal monarchs) **Baldev** and **Vasudeva**. There are also 34 **Utkrisht** (superior) Tirthankaras and 30 **Chakravarti**. In **Dhatukikhand** and **Pushkarardhakhand**, there are twice as many.
Above the **Tiryaglok** (world of transmigration), there are 12 **Devalok** (heavenly realms) extending for 200 yojanas and seven **Raj-praman** (royal measures). These are:
1. **Soudharm**
2. **Ishan**
3. **Sanatkumar**
4. **Mahendra**
5. **Brahmalok**
6. **Lantk**
7. **Mahashukra**
8. **Sahasrar**
9. **Anat**
10. **Pranat**
11. **Aran**
12. **Achyut**
Above these are nine **Graiveyak** (heavenly realms), followed by **Vijay**, **Vaijayant**, **Jayant**, and **Aparajit**, in the order of east, south, west, and north. In the center is **Sarvarth Siddha** (the realm of perfect beings). Above this is **Ishtapraagbhar** (slightly inclined towards the east), a land 12 yojanas high and 45 lakh yojanas wide. This is the **Siddhashila** (stone of the liberated). Above this, in the fourth part of the third **gau** (region) and the sixth part of the fourth **gau**, up to the end of the **lok** (universe), reside the **Siddha** (liberated souls).
From the **Samabhootal** (level ground), **Soudharm** and **Ishan** are one and a half **Raj Lok** (royal realms) away. **Sanatkumar** and **Mahendra** are two and a half **Raj Lok** away. **Sahasrar** is five **Raj Lok** away. **Achyut** is six **Raj Lok** away. The end of the universe is seven **Raj Lok** away. The **Viman** (aerial chariot) of **Soudharm** and **Ishan** is round like the **Chandramandal** (lunar orb). **Shakra** (Indra) rules the southern half and **Ishan** (Indra) rules the northern half. The same applies to **Sanatkumar** and **Mahendra**. **Sanatkumar** (Indra) rules the southern half and **Mahendra** (Indra) rules the northern half. Above these, in the middle of the **Urdhvalok** (upper world), in the region resembling the elbow of a **Lokapurush** (cosmic being), is **Brahmalok**. Its Indra is **Brahmendra**. In one part of this realm reside the **Lokantik** (heavenly beings) named **Saraswat**, **Aditya**, **Vahni**, **Arun**, **Gardatoy**, **Tushit**, **Avyabadh**, **Marut**, and **Arishta**. Above this is **Lantk** and its Indra, **Lantkendr**. Above this, **Sudharm** and **Ishan**...