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The Meaning of the Symbolic Names of the Twenty-Four Tirthankaras
Yoga Shastra, Third Light, Verse 123: I bow to Vimalnath, Anantnath, Dharmanath, and Shantijin. ||4|| I bow to Kunthunath, Aranath, Mallinath, Munisuvrat Swami, and Namijin. ||5|| I bow to Arishtanemi, Parshvanath, and Vardhaman (Mahavira) Swami. ||5||
The meaning of the above three verses is explained together, and then the same meaning is explained in detail, i.e., in general and specific terms, which can happen to the Tirthankara Bhagwan. In this, 1. Rishabhdev = Ushabh = The general meaning of Rishabh is one who attains the supreme state of liberation; he is Rishabh. The word Rishabh in Prakrit language is formed from the sutra "Udd Ritvadau". ||8.1.131|| The other form of Rishabh is Vrishabh. Its meaning is - "Varshati iti Vrishabhah" i.e., one who showers the world burning with the fire of sorrow with the rain of teachings; he is Vrishabh. "Vrishabhe va va". ||8.1.133|| From the Siddhaheim Sutra, by changing "Vr" to "Us", the form "Ushabh" is formed, and this is its Ushabh form. The specific meaning is - Bhagwan had the mark (sign) of a Vrishabh on his thigh, and his mother Marudevi had first seen a Vrishabh in her dream, therefore Bhagwan was named Vrishabh or Rishabh. 2. Ajitnath - One who cannot be conquered by Parishah etc., therefore he is Ajit, this is the general meaning. The specific meaning is as follows - When Bhagwan was in the womb, his mother was playing Chaupad (dice) with the king. Because the king could not win, the Lord was named Ajit. 2. Sambhavnath - In whom the thirty-four Atishaya qualities are possible in a special way, or by praising whom "Shan" i.e., happiness is obtained. In this, according to the Prakrit rule, "Shan" becomes "Sambhav" from the sutra "Shashosah Sah". ||8.1.260|| This is the general meaning, and the specific meaning is - When Bhagwan came into the womb, it became possible for more food than expected to be produced in the country, therefore he was named Sambhav. 3. Abhinandan Swami - Those who were praised by the Devas, and when the Lord came into the womb, Indra etc. repeatedly praised the mother, therefore he was named Abhinandan. 5. Sumatinath - Sumati means - one who has a beautiful intellect. When Bhagwan was in his mother's womb, the mother had a beautiful intellect that made her decide, therefore he was named Sumati. 6. Padma Prabh - "Padma Prabh" because of the radiance like a lotus due to the quality of "Nishpankta", and when Bhagwan was in the womb, the mother had a dream of sleeping on a lotus bed, which was fulfilled by the Devas, and the radiance of the Lord's body was red like a lotus, therefore he was named Padma Prabh. 7. Suparshvanath - One whose side of the body is beautiful is called Suparshva (Nath). And when he was in the womb, the mother also had a beautiful body, therefore he was named Suparshva. 8. Chandra Prabh - One whose radiance is as calm as the rays of the moon is Chandra Prabh; and at the time of conception, the mother had a dream of drinking moon water, and the radiance of the Lord's body was as bright as the moon, therefore the Lord was named Chandra Prabh. 9. Suvidhinath - Suvidhinath Bhagwan was beautiful and skilled in all matters. When the Lord came into the womb, the mother became skilled in all matters, therefore the Lord was named Suvidhinath, and because his teeth were like flower buds, his other name was Pushpadant. 10. Sheetalnath - One who cools all beings by removing their suffering is Sheetalnath, and when the Lord was in the womb, the father was suffering from jaundice, which could not be cured by any means; but due to the influence of the womb, it was cured by the touch of the mother's hand, therefore he was named Sheetalnath. 11. Shreyansnath - One who has excellent or auspicious arms etc. in the whole world is called Shreyans. And when the Lord was in the womb, the divine bed was used for the first time, and the credit for its use went to the mother, therefore he was named Shreyans. 12. Vasupujya Swami - Dhar, Dhruv, Som, Ah, Anil, Pratyay, and Prabhas are eight Vasu-jati Devas, and because they are worshiped, they are Vasupujya. "Prajnadibhyo'na" - according to this grammar sutra, Vasupujya, and when Bhagwan was in the womb, Indra worshiped the royal family with Hiranya (gold), i.e., Vasu, therefore he was called Vasupujya or Vasupujya because he was the son of the king. 13. Vimalnath - One whose dirt is gone is called Vimal. Or knowledge
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