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## Explanation of Namotthuna (Shakrastava)
This is verse 123 from the third chapter of Yogashastra. True excellence exists only among those of the same species. There is no special distinction in excellence between a lower caste and a higher caste. While all bhavya jivas are superior to abhavya jivas, there is no special distinction in pointing out the superiority of the Bhagavan in comparison to them. Therefore, the statement here is that he is superior among the bhavya jivas of the same species. Because the feeling of bhavya-tva, which is the cause of all well-being, exists only in Bhagavan among all bhavya jivas. Salutations to the Bhagavan, who is the best in this world.
**Loka-nahan** means the lord of the world. The lord who does yoga-kshema. Yoga is to obtain what is not obtained, and kshema is to protect what is obtained. From this perspective, Bhagavan establishes the seed of dharma in the world, causing the attainment of the unattained dharma and protecting it from the disturbances of raga, etc. Therefore, he is the lord of the bhavya jiva world.
However, Bhagavan is not called the lord of the world in comparison to all bhavya jivas. Because Bhagavan cannot be the doer of yoga-kshema for those who are bhavya by birth (jati). If that were the case, all beings would attain liberation. Therefore, Bhagavan can only be the doer of yoga-kshema for those bhavya jivas who are close to liberation. Bhagavan does yoga by establishing the seed of dharma in such bhavya jivas, causing the emergence of the sprout of dharma and nourishing it. He does kshema by protecting them from the disturbances of internal enemies like raga, dvesha, etc. In other words, salutations to the lord of that specific world of bhavya jivas.
**Loka-hiyan** means salutations to the one who benefits the world. Here, the word "loka" should be understood as the world of all beings, from the one-sense beings to the five-sense beings, in the fourteen realms of existence. Because Bhagavan saves all beings from falling into suffering by teaching the path of liberation, which includes samyag darshan, etc., he is the well-wisher of the world.
**Loka-paivahan** means salutations to Bhagavan, who illuminates the world like a lamp. Here, the word "loka" should be understood as the world of the specific five-sense beings, because Bhagavan illuminates the five-sense beings with the rays of knowledge from his teachings, removing the darkness of mithyatva and ignorance, and illuminating the knowledge-object appropriately. Therefore, he is like a lamp because he is the illuminator of the world of beings with knowledge. Just as a lamp cannot illuminate a blind person, Bhagavan cannot awaken those beings with knowledge who are immersed in the deep darkness of mithyatva. Therefore, Bhagavan is called like a lamp in the world of specific beings with knowledge.
**Loka-pajjogaran** means salutations to Bhagavan, who shines like the sun in the world. Here, the word "loka" should be understood as the specific fourteen previous knowledgeable beings (purva-dharas). Because only they can have true brilliance. And only they can truly know the seven or nine elements of jiva, etc., which are worthy of illumination. Only the purva-dharas are endowed with special qualifications. However, all purva-dharas are not equal in illuminating the elements. Because even the purva-dharas are different in their qualifications, with more or less of the six stages (shat-sthana). The meaning of "pradyot" is the illumination of the complete knowledge of the elements, specifically through the eyes, etc. This qualification exists only in the specific fourteen purva-dharas. Therefore, Bhagavan is like the sun in the world of the specific fourteen purva-dharas. Just as lotuses bloom from the sun, the specific purva-dharas are illuminated with the knowledge of the elements of jiva, etc., because of Bhagavan, the sun. From this perspective, Bhagavan is the illuminator of the world.
In this way, Bhagavan is a benefactor in five ways: loka-uttama, etc. Therefore, the fourth pancha-padi sampada is described as the general use of the wealth of being worthy of praise. Now, the fifth sampada, called hetu-sampada, is described from the perspective of describing the wealth of specific use: "abhaya-dayan, chakkhu-dayan, magg-dayan, saran-dayan, bohi-dayan." The first, "abhaya-dayan," means salutations to Bhagavan, the giver of fearlessness. Fear is mainly of seven types: 1. fear of this world, 2. fear of the next world, 3. fear of attachment, 4. fear of the unexpected, 5. fear of livelihood, 6. fear of death, and 7. fear of disgrace. The opposite of fear is fearlessness, which is the absence of fear. In other words, the substance that is the cause of the complete well-being of the specific health of the soul is called fearlessness. Some call it courage. It is Sri Tirthankara Bhagavan who gives this kind of fearlessness, because he is endowed with inconceivable power due to the excellence of his qualities. And because he is solely dedicated to the welfare of others, Bhagavan is also the giver of fearlessness, the remover of fear.
**Chakkhu-dayan** means salutations to the giver of eyes. Bhagavan is the giver of the eye of the specific dharma of the soul, which is the knowledge of the elements. Other people call it faith. Just as a person without eyes cannot see others,