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## Discussion on the Five Transgressions of the Third Anuvrata
**Yoga Shastra, Third Light, Verse 92**
Now, the five transgressions of the third Anuvrata, Asteya Anuvrata, are as follows:
**Verse 92:**
* **Stenaanujna, Tadaneetadaanam, Dwidrajyalanghanam, Pratiroopkriya, Maanaanaytwam cha Asteyasamshritaha.**
**Meaning:**
1. **Stenaanujna:** Giving permission or advice to a thief to steal.
2. **Tadaneetadaanam:** Helping a thief to steal or assisting him after he has stolen.
3. **Dwidrajyalanghanam:** Leaving one's own kingdom and entering the enemy's kingdom or acting against the state.
4. **Pratiroopkriya:** Showing a good quality item and then giving a bad quality item.
5. **Maanaanaytwam:** Keeping false weights and measures or manipulating them.
These five are the transgressions of the Asteya Anuvrata.
**Explanation:**
The vow of Asteya Anuvrata is taken in the form of "I will not steal, nor will I cause others to steal; through my mind, speech, and body." Therefore, giving inspiration, advice, or permission to a thief to steal, even while thinking "I am not stealing," is the first transgression of the third vow. Or, giving praise, encouragement, or a pat on the back to a thief for stealing. Or, giving a thief tools, weapons, a bag, scissors, etc., for free or for a price. According to the vow of the third vow, this transgression breaks the vow of the practitioner.
Giving someone the inspiration, "Why are you sitting idle? If you don't have food, I will give you some. No one will buy your stolen goods, I will buy them." This kind of inspiration, while thinking "I am not inspiring him to steal, I am inspiring him to earn a living," is considered the first transgression due to the relativity of vow-keeping.
**Tadaneetadaanam** means accepting the goods stolen by a thief. Accepting gold, silver, clothes, etc., stolen by a thief at a low price, for free, or secretly, is also considered stealing because it encourages stealing. The fear of being punished by the government remains, and the person who takes the stolen goods thinks, "I am doing business, where am I stealing?" This kind of outcome, being relative to the vow, does not break the vow of non-stealing, but it is partially kept and partially broken, resulting in a transgression of the form of "Bhangabhang." This is the second transgression.
Going to a forbidden kingdom ruled by an enemy king, violating the established boundaries of the kingdom or the encampment of the army, entering the forbidden enemy kingdom, violating the mutual arrangements of travel between kingdoms, the entry of a resident of one kingdom into another kingdom, and the entry of a resident of another kingdom into another kingdom are all considered **Swami-Adatta**.
The scriptures mention four types of Adatta (theft): Swami-Adatta, Jiva-Adatta, Tirthankara-Adatta, and Guru-Adatta. Here, the fault of Swami-Adatta applies. Even if the state prohibits it, going to another kingdom is punished like a thief. In reality, this is a violation of the state, which is considered theft, and therefore breaks the vow.
Even though the person who goes to another kingdom without permission thinks, "I am not going for theft or espionage, I am going for business," this feeling, due to the relativity of the vow, does not neglect the protection of the vow. However, in social practice, he is considered a thief, punished by the state, and therefore the third transgression applies here.
4. **Tattpratiroopkriya:** Mixing bad quality items with good quality items and selling them at the price of good quality items, adulteration; showing a good quality item and then giving a different inferior quality item. For example, mixing low-quality rice with high-quality rice, mixing fat with ghee, mixing water with milk, mixing sand with medicines, mixing gum or resin with asafoetida, mixing urine with oil, mixing syrup with honey, mixing other metals with pure gold or silver, and selling them, etc., are all examples of **Pratiroopkriya**.
Changing the horns of a stolen cow, etc., by cooking them in fire, bending them down with steam, or making them thin so that the owner cannot recognize them. Or, changing the outer structure of something, changing the sheath of a sword, etc., so that the owner cannot recognize it, and then keeping it or selling it by twisting it around, is the fourth transgression called **Tattpratiroopkriya**.
5. **Maanaanaytwam:** Anything used to measure something is called **Maan**. Keeping weights and measures like ratti, pal, tola, masha, bhar, man, seer (kilogram today), gaj (meter), etc., less than the actual weight or measure, or manipulating the weight or measure while giving the customer the goods. Or, keeping weights and measures more than the actual weight or measure and taking more from others.