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## Transgressions of the Second Vow
**Chapter 3, Light of Yoga, Verse 91**
**Sahsaabhyakhyan** (the second transgression) is to falsely accuse someone or slander them without thinking, like saying "You are a thief," "You are an adulterer," etc. Some consider **Rahasyabhyakhyan** to be the transgression instead. "Rahas" means secret, and a secret is something that happens in seclusion. False praise or slander, gossip, is also Rahasyabhyakhyan. For example, someone might tell an old woman in private that her husband is in love with a young woman, or tell a young woman in private that her husband is skilled in lovemaking and has a strong desire for middle-aged women. Or someone might tell a woman that her husband is like a donkey, very lustful, or that he is impotent. Making fun of someone in this way, or making up false stories about a woman and telling them to her husband, like "Your wife told me in private that she is tired of your excessive indulgence in sensual pleasures," or "She said that she tires out her husband in lovemaking," is Rahasyabhyakhyan. To speak in a way that increases the attraction or attachment between a husband and wife, or to engage in secret conversations or jokes in private that cause the husband to falsely suspect his wife or the wife to falsely suspect her husband, is Rahasyabhyakhyan. Deliberately lying out of malice breaks the vow. It is said that deliberately falsely accusing someone breaks the vow, but if someone slanders or defames someone without purpose, for fun, or without thinking, then the second transgression, Sahsaabhyakhyan, is committed.
**3. Guhyabhashan** (the third transgression) is to reveal confidential matters related to government work (royal affairs) without purpose, unintentionally. Such confidential matters are not meant to be shared with everyone, and ministers are sworn to secrecy. Revealing these secrets through gestures, expressions, or by hinting at them to others, leading to incorrect judgments, is also Guhyabhashan. For example, someone might say, "So-and-so is working against the state." Or, gossiping about each other and causing them to fight, or knowing someone's intentions based on their appearance and behavior and telling someone else in a way that breaks the bond between them, is also Guhyabhashan.
**4. Revealing the secrets of a trusted person** (the fourth transgression) is to reveal a secret that a friend, one's wife, or a trusted person has shared in confidence. Even if the person repeats the secret exactly as it was told to them, it may not seem like a lie from an external perspective, but revealing the secrets of a wife, husband, friend, or trusted person can often lead to shame and even suicide. Because it causes such great harm, it is ultimately a lie. If someone reveals a secret unintentionally or because they believe the person is trustworthy, it is a partial transgression of the vow. Revealing someone's secret, confidential plans, or secret information, even if one has no right to do so, or revealing confidential plans oneself and causing a rift between two lovers, is the fourth transgression.
**5. Kूटलेख** (the fifth transgression) is to write false documents, create fake documents, write using someone else's signature, or forge a signature. Although writing false documents does not involve speaking or being spoken to, it is still a form of falsehood and a partial transgression of the vow of truthfulness, and therefore a transgression. If someone writes a lie in a moment of passion, without speaking, it is a transgression because it violates the boundaries of the vow. Or, if someone believes that they are allowed to lie, but that writing is different and does not affect their vow, and they write a lie with this understanding, then this is the fifth transgression. These are the five transgressions of the second vow.