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## Discussion on the Five Transgressions of the Second Anuvrata
**This section discusses the five transgressions of the second Anuvrata, which is the vow of truthfulness (Satya).**
**The text refers to the third light of Yoga Shastra, verses 91 to 91, which states that one should not engage in meaningless restrictions like fasting, etc. However, if someone is ill or needs to abstain from food due to a medical condition, then it is meaningful and relative restriction for that period only.**
**The text then discusses the concept of "binding" or "restraining" dependent beings. It states that one should feed the dependent being first before eating oneself. If someone has committed a transgression, they should be reprimanded only verbally, saying "You will not receive food today."**
**The text then discusses the concept of fasting for the sake of healing or other purposes. It states that a Shravak (Jain lay follower) can fast for such purposes. The text emphasizes that a Shravak should be mindful and avoid transgressions against the fundamental principle of non-violence (Ahimsa).**
**The text then addresses a potential doubt: "Since a Shravak only has the rule of non-violence (killing), there is no fault in binding or restraining others."**
**The text clarifies that if someone has taken the vow of non-violence and then engages in binding or restraining others, it constitutes a violation of the vow, as it breaks the continuity of non-violence. Similarly, if someone has renounced the vow of non-violence, then any transgression against any vow is considered a transgression. However, there is no transgression in binding or restraining others.**
**The text explains that while binding or restraining others may not be a direct violation of the vow of non-violence, it is considered a transgression because it is a means to violence. It further explains that there are two ways in which a vow can be violated: internally and externally.**
**The text states that if someone gets angry or expresses anger without intending to harm another, it is not considered a violation of the vow of non-violence. Similarly, if someone engages in binding or restraining others without any malice or intention to harm, it is not considered violence. However, if the action is motivated by cruelty or a lack of compassion, it constitutes an internal violation of the vow. Since there is no violence involved, it is considered an external observance of the vow. However, the action is still considered a transgression due to the internal violation.**
**The text then quotes a verse: "Who would consider it a transgression to have taken the vow of 'I will not kill' if no one dies?"**
**The text explains that if someone kills another being out of anger or cruelty, and does not adhere to their vow, then it is considered a complete violation of the vow. Even if the death of the other being does not occur, the vow is still violated due to the anger or cruelty involved. The text states that the revered ones have termed this as a partial violation and partial observance of the vow.**
**The text then refutes the claim that binding or restraining others violates the vow of non-violence. It states that binding or restraining others is a transgression against the principle of pure non-violence.**
**The text concludes by stating that binding or restraining others can also lead to other transgressions, such as killing, expulsion, enchantment, and other forms of magic.**
**The text then moves on to discuss the five transgressions of the second vow, which is the vow of truthfulness (Satya).**
**The five transgressions are:**
1. **Giving false advice (Mithyopadesh):** Giving advice that is contrary to the principles of restraint or Dharma (righteousness) and promotes sin.
2. **Accusing someone without proper consideration (Sahsa Abhyakhyan):** Accusing someone without proper investigation or evidence.
3. **Revealing someone's secret or private matters (Guhya Bhashan):** Disclosing someone's confidential information.
4. **Breaking a trust by revealing a secret entrusted to you (Vishwastha Mantra Bhed):** Betraying someone's trust by revealing a secret they shared with you.
5. **Creating false documents or records (Kuta Lekh):** Creating false documents, accounts, or writings.
**The text explains that these five transgressions are considered violations of the vow of truthfulness.**
**The text then provides further explanation of each transgression.**
1. **False advice (Mithyopadesh):** Giving false advice is considered a violation of the vow of truthfulness because it involves speaking words that are harmful to others. For example, telling someone to beat an animal or to steal.
2. **Accusing someone without proper consideration (Sahsa Abhyakhyan):** Accusing someone without proper investigation or evidence is considered a violation of the vow of truthfulness because it involves speaking falsely.
3. **Revealing someone's secret or private matters (Guhya Bhashan):** Revealing someone's confidential information is considered a violation of the vow of truthfulness because it involves breaking a trust.
4. **Breaking a trust by revealing a secret entrusted to you (Vishwastha Mantra Bhed):** Betraying someone's trust by revealing a secret they shared with you is considered a violation of the vow of truthfulness because it involves breaking a promise.
5. **Creating false documents or records (Kuta Lekh):** Creating false documents, accounts, or writings is considered a violation of the vow of truthfulness because it involves deception.
**The text concludes by stating that these five transgressions are considered violations of the vow of truthfulness.**