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## Food contaminated with minute living beings and four types of wrong conduct
**Yoga Shastra, Third Light, Verses 71-73**
**Meaning:** Only the omniscient can fully describe the virtues of abstaining from food at night. ||70||
Now, the prohibition of eating lentils mixed with raw milk, yogurt, or buttermilk is explained. ||242||
**Verse 71:** The omniscient have seen minute living beings in lentils like mung beans, black gram, etc., mixed with raw yogurt. Therefore, one should avoid them. ||71||
**Explanation:** Jainism has a system where some things are understood through reasoning and some are understood through scriptures (Agama, Aapta Vachan). Things that can be known through logic, reasoning, and experience are explained through reasoning. Things that cannot be known or proven through reasoning are explained through scriptures and the words of the enlightened. One who follows this is considered a follower of the teachings. Conversely, one who explains things that can be understood through reasoning using scriptures, and tries to explain things that are understood through scriptures using reasoning, is considered a violator of the teachings. It is said, "One who accepts the reasoning side through reasoning, and the scriptural side through scriptures, and presents their own principles truthfully, is a follower of the teachings. Conversely, one who speaks against this is a violator of the teachings, as they are presenting a contradictory view."
According to this logic, it is not appropriate to prove or know the existence of living beings in lentils and other grains mixed with raw yogurt through reasoning (logic, reasoning, or direct observation). Rather, it is appropriate to know the existence of these living beings through scriptures and have faith in those words. The omniscient have seen living beings in lentils mixed with yogurt. The word "etc." implies that they have also seen living beings in cooked food, yogurt that is more than two days old, and spoiled food. One should understand this. Therefore, one should avoid food containing these living beings, as well as food containing lentils mixed with raw milk, yogurt, buttermilk, etc. Otherwise, one incurs the sin of *praṇātipāta*, the first type of *āśrava*. The words of the omniscient are infallible, so they should be considered authoritative and accepted with faith. Therefore, one should not think that only things like alcohol and spoiled or rotten food are forbidden, and everything else is permissible. Rather, one should avoid any food that contains living beings, whether it is understood through one's own intellect or through scriptures. ||71|| (Sanmati 142)
**Verse 72:** A devotee devoted to Jainism should avoid fruits (like berries), flowers, leaves, pickles, or other things that are mixed with or contaminated with living beings. ||72||
**Explanation:** One should avoid fruits like *madhūk* (mahua) that contain *tras* living beings, flowers like *arani*, mustard, and *mahua*, leaves like *chaulai*, and other roots or tubers. Pickles made from mangoes, lemons, etc., should also be avoided if they are contaminated with *nīlaṇa*, *phūlaṇa*, or other living beings. Because devotees who practice compassion for living beings do not eat food that causes harm to them. Earning wealth for the purpose of enjoyment and consumption is also considered enjoyment and consumption through proper means. Its quantity also falls under this vow. Therefore, a devotee should avoid *kharakama* (forbidden, inferior occupations that involve killing *tras*, excessive killing, increase in carelessness, increase in non-restraint, being condemned by the world, and being avoided by virtuous people) and earn their livelihood through honest and blameless occupations. We will discuss all of this in the context of *aticāra*. Thus, the description of the vow of *bhoga-upabhoga-parimāṇa* is complete. ||72||
Now, the opportunity has arisen to describe the vow of *anarthadanda-viramaṇa*. Therefore, the four types of *anarthadanda* are explained in two verses.
**Verse 73:** *Ārtta*, *raudrā*, *apadhyāna*, *pāpakarma-upadeśitā*, *hiṃsrā-upākāri-dāna*, and *pramāda-ācaraṇa* are the four types of *anarthadanda*. ||73||