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## The Padma Purana
**Chapter 24**
This was spoken by Indra-bhuiti, the chief Ganadhara, to the disciples from the Dharma-shaya, and it remained in the world through the Sadhu-parampara until that time.
**Time of Composition**
**3**
There is a great difference of opinion among scholars regarding the time of composition of this text. Some scholars, like Dr. Winternitz, consider the time specified in the text to be correct. However, Western scholars like Dr. Herman Jacobi, etc., based on the style of composition, language, literature, etc., consider its time of composition to be the 3rd-4th century CE. Some scholars, like Dr. Keith, etc., point to the presence of words like "Dinar" and some Greek words related to astrology in the text, and therefore consider it to be from 300 CE or later. And the expert in prosody, Shri Diwan Bahadur Keshav Lal Dhruva, expresses strong doubts about the said time of composition, considering it to be a much later composition. In his writing, he has stated that the use of the Gahini, Sharabha, etc., meters at the end of each chapter, the Yamaka in the Giti, and the word "Vimala" at the end of the chapters, are all indicative of its modern nature. Apart from these, many other scholars are doubtful about its time of composition - they hesitate to accept the time specified in the text, and thus its time of composition remains in the realm of doubt. In such a situation, the time mentioned in the text cannot be readily accepted.
**4**
After examining the available opinions of scholars regarding the time of the text, I have examined the internal literature of the text, and based on that, I have reached the conclusion that the said time of composition of the text is not correct - it is definitely the result of some mistake or error by the author or scribe. And it is also possible that the incorrect propagation of the number of years of Vira Nirvana, like the Saka era, is the reason for this. But whatever it may be, the internal examination of the text has revealed to me other specific reasons for the incorrectness of the said time, which are divided into three parts:
**(1)** The Paumachariya was not composed before the Digambara-Svetambara sect split.
**(2)** The text adopts the beliefs of the Digambara Acharya Kundakunda.
**(3)** The text follows the Tattvartha Sutra of Umashvatik very closely.
Now I will explain these three types of reasons in order.
**(1)** According to the Digambara belief, the Digambara-Svetambara sect split occurred in Vikram Samvat 136, and according to the Svetambara belief, it occurred in Samvat 139. Before this split, in the Jain literature, for the Jain Sadhus:
1. "Panchaiva ya vasasaya dusamae tis varis sanjutta. Vire siddhimupgae tao nibaddham imam chariyam || 103 || Eyam virajinena ramchariyam siddham mahattham pura,
Pacchakhandalabhuina u kahiyam sisas dhammasayam. Bhuo sahuparamparae sayalam loe tie payadam
Etta he vimalena suttasahyam gahanibaddham kayam || 102 ||"
2. See, "Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics", December 1914.
3. See, Keith's "History of Sanskrit Literature", page 34, 59.
4. "Introduction to Prakrit".
- Paumachariya, Uddesa 103
Part 7, page 437 and "Modern Review"