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## Chapter Eight
**752.** The author, after explaining the **Mohaniya** karma, now explains the **Ayush** karma, which determines the nature of the future birth, by saying:
**Narka-ayush, Tiryancha-ayush, Manusha-ayush, and Deva-ayush are the four types of Ayush.** ||10||
**753.** The **Ayush** karma is named according to the type of birth it leads to. For example, the **Narka-ayush** leads to birth in hell, **Tiryancha-ayush** leads to birth in the animal realm, **Manusha-ayush** leads to birth as a human, and **Deva-ayush** leads to birth in the heavenly realms. In hell, where there is intense cold and heat, the **Narka-ayush** is responsible for a long life. Similarly, the other types of **Ayush** are responsible for the duration of life in their respective realms.
**754.** Having explained the four types of **Ayush**, the author now explains the **Nama-karma**, which determines the nature of the future birth, by saying:
**Gati, Jati, Sharira, Ango-upanga, Nirman, Bandhan, Sanghata, Sansthan, Sanhanan, Sparsha, Rasa, Gandha, Varna, Anupurvya, Aguru-laghu, Upghāt, Parghāt, Ātap, Udyot, Ucchvās, Viha-yoga-gati, and the corresponding opposite qualities, namely, ordinary body and each body, stationary and mobile, unfortunate and fortunate, bad voice and good voice, inauspicious and auspicious, coarse and subtle, insufficient and sufficient, unstable and stable, unworthy and worthy, bad fame and good fame, and Tirthankara-hood, are the forty-two types of Nama-karma.** ||11||
**8755.** The **Gati** is the karma that determines the realm of birth. There are four types of **Gati**: **Narka-gati** (hell), **Tiryancha-gati** (animal realm), **Manusha-gati** (human realm), and **Deva-gati** (heavenly realms). The **Narka-gati** karma is responsible for the birth of a soul in hell. Similarly, the other types of **Gati** karma are responsible for the birth of a soul in their respective realms.