Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
## 224] Sarvarthasiddhi
[5124 6 571] That which is smelled or is merely the quality of smell is called *gandha*. It is of two types: *surabhi* (pleasant) and *durabhi* (unpleasant). That which is seen or is merely the quality of sight is called *varna*. It is of five types: *krishna* (black), *nila* (blue), *pita* (yellow), *shukla* (white), and *lohita* (red). These are the primary types, and each of them has countless, innumerable, and infinite variations. *Sparsha* (touch), *rasa* (taste), *gandha* (smell), and *varna* (color) are called *sparsha-rasa-gandha-varna-vanta* because they possess these qualities. The *matup* suffix is used to indicate their eternal connection with *pudgala* dravya. For example, "Kshirinah Nyagrodhah" (the banyan tree is milky). In the sutra "Manubaspinah Pudgalah", the *pudgalas* are described as having form, and it has been explained that *rasa* etc. are always associated with form. Therefore, based on this sutra, it is established that *pudgalas* possess form, etc. So, is this sutra redundant? No, this is not a flaw. In the sutra "Nityavasthitanyarupaani", the eternal nature of *dharma* etc. is established, which implies that *pudgalas* are formless. To address this contradiction, the sutra "Rupinah Pudgalah" is stated. However, this sutra is meant to explain the specific nature of *pudgalas*.
8571. This sutra is stated to explain the remaining *vikara* (modifications) of *pudgalas*. They are: *shabda* (sound), *bandha* (bond), *saukshmya* (subtlety), *sthulya* (grossness), *samsthana* (arrangement), *andhakara* (darkness), *chhaya* (shadow), *atapas* (heat), and *udyota* (radiance). ||24||
8572. *Shabda* is of two types: *bhasharupa* (linguistic) and *abhasharupa* (non-linguistic). *Bhasharupa* *shabda* is of two types: *sakshara* (literate) and *anaksara* (illiterate). *Sakshara* *shabda* is used in scriptures and for communication between Aryans and Mlechchas. It includes Sanskrit and its opposite. *Anakshara* *shabda* is used to convey the nature of extraordinary knowledge of two senses and other beings. Both types of *shabda* are *prayogika* (practical). *Abhasharupa* *shabda* is of two types: 1. *surabhi-durabhi* (pleasant-unpleasant) etc. 2. *van-nirdhesha* (indication of possession) etc. *Man-nirdhesha* (indication of existence) etc.