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[222] Sarvarthasiddhi
[51228568568. It is said that if it is necessary to be a benefactor of the existent, then time is also considered to be existent. Therefore, what is the benefit of time? This is explained in the following sutra:
Vartana, parinaama, kriyaa, paratva and aparatva are the benefits of time. ||22||
8569. The word vartana is formed by adding the suffix 'yut' to the root 'vrt' (to exist) in the feminine gender, which means 'that which exists' or 'mere existence'. Although dharma and other substances are themselves engaged in producing their own new modifications, their activity cannot occur without an external cooperating cause. Therefore, time is considered to be the cause of their activity, and this is called the benefit of vartana.
Question: What is the meaning of 'nij'?
Answer: The modification of the substance changes, and time is the one who changes it.
Question: If this is the case, then time becomes an active substance? For example, the student studies, and the teacher teaches. (Here, the teacher is an active substance.)
Answer: This is not a fault, because even in the case of a mere cause, the designation of a cause-agent is seen. For example, "The fire of the firewood teaches." In the same way, time is also a cause-agent.
Question: How is time known?
Answer: Even though there are specific actions like time, etc., and the cooking, etc., which are produced by time, etc., have their own established names like time, cooking, etc., the attribution of the name 'time' to them in the form of 'time is time', 'cooked rice is time', etc., indicates the existence of the main time, which is the cause of that name, because the secondary usage depends on the primary.
The modification of a substance, which is the cessation of one dharma and the production of another dharma, and which is devoid of any change, is called parinaama. For example, anger, etc., in a jiva, and color, etc., in pudgala. In the same way, there is parinaama in the substances of dharma, adharma, aakasha and kaala, which are the qualities of aguru, laghu, etc. (1. -yate vartate vartana- Mu. 2. Kaarishagni- A. 3. 'Hetunirdeshacha nimittamatre. Bhikshadishu darshanat. Hetunirdeshacha nimittamatre drashtavyaha. Yaavad bruyaanimitta karanamiti tavaddheturiti. Ki prayojanam? Bhikshadishu darshanat. Bhikshadishvapi nijdasyate bhiksha vasayanti kaarishagniradhyapayati iti.- Pa. Ma. Bha. 3, 1, 2, 261 4.-dishvasanjna- Mu. 5. Paakakaala: Mu.)