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-2136 8331] Chapter Two
[13 8 328. Now, regarding the birth of other beings, it is said:
The remaining beings have *sammurchana* birth. ||35|| 8329. The remaining beings are those other than those born from the womb and *upapada*. Their birth is *sammurchana*. These three sutras are for the purpose of establishing a rule. The rule should be understood from both sides. The womb birth is only for the *jarayuj*, *andaj*, and *pot* beings. Or, the *jarayuj*, *andaj*, and *pot* beings have only womb birth. The *upapada* birth is only for the gods and hell beings. Or, the gods and hell beings have only *upapada* birth. The *sammurchana* birth is only for the remaining beings. Or, the remaining beings have only *sammurchana* birth.
8330. Now, regarding the bodies of those beings who are transmigrating, who are born from three types of births, who have many variations and nine types of wombs, and whose bodies are the result of the fruition of auspicious and inauspicious *karma*, and who are the basis for experiencing the fruits of bondage, it is said:
There are five bodies: *audarik*, *vaikriyik*, *aharaka*, *taijas*, and *karman*. ||36|| 8331. The bodies are those which, having been obtained through the arising of specific *karma*, decay. The *audarik* etc. are those which are obtained through the arising of specific natures. *Udara* means gross. *Audarik* is derived from the word *udara* by adding the suffix *ika* to denote the meaning of being born from *udara* or having *udara* as its purpose. *Vaikriyik* is that which has the purpose of *vikriya*, which is the creation of a body of various sizes, small and large, through the power of the eight qualities of *aishwarya* (divine powers). *Aharaka* is that which is created by a *pramatta-samyata* (one who is careless and restrained) in order to know subtle objects or to desire to overcome *asamyam* (lack of restraint). *Taijas* is that which is caused by *tejas* (light) or is born in *tejas*. *Karman* is the work of *karma*. Although all bodies are caused by *karma*, due to convention, the specific body is called the *karman* body. 1. 'The body is the support of the sense organs and their objects.' *Nyaya Sutra* 1, 1, 11. 2. *Udara* means *audarik*. *Udara* *Muni*.