Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
## Chapter Two
[119]
8275. Samsarana is called Samsara, which means transformation. This is present in all beings who are Samsarin. This transformation is of five types: Dravya Parivartan, Kshetra Parivartan, Kala Parivartan, Bhav Parivartan, and Bhav Parivartan. Of these, Dravya Parivartan is of two types: Nokarma Dravya Parivartan and Karma Dravya Parivartan.
Nokarma Dravya Parivartan is defined as follows: A single Jiva, at a particular time, takes in Pudgalas suitable for the three bodies and six Paryaptis. These Pudgalas, depending on their Snigdha, Rooksha, Varna, Gandha, etc., and their Tivra, Mand, and Madhyama Bhav, remain in their respective states and are then discarded in the subsequent times. After this, the Jiva takes in and discards the Agrihit Pudgalas for an infinite number of times, then the Mishra Pudgalas for an infinite number of times, and finally the Hit Pudgalas for an infinite number of times. Then, the same Pudgalas, in the same way, become the Nokarma Bhav of the same Jiva. This entire process is called Nokarma Dravya Parivartan.
Karma Dravya Parivartan is defined as follows: A single Jiva, at a particular time, takes in Pudgalas through the eight types of Karma Bhav. These Pudgalas are discarded after one Avali, in the subsequent times. Then, following the same process as described for Nokarma Dravya Parivartan, these same Pudgalas, in the same way, become the Karma Bhav of the same Jiva. This entire process is called Karma Dravya Parivartan. It is said:
"All Pudgalas are consumed and discarded by the Jiva. And thus, the Jiva keeps revolving in the Samsara of Pudgala Parivartan."
8276. Kshetra Parivartan is defined as follows: A very subtle Nigoda Jiva, with insufficient Paryapti, having a body in the lowest region of space, is born in the eighth Madhya Pradesh of the Lok, taking the Madhya Pradesh of his body as his own. He lives for the duration of a Ksudra Bhav and then dies. Then, the same Jiva is born again in the same place, then a third time, then a fourth time, and so on, until he has been born in all the regions of space that are as large as an immeasurable fraction of an Angula.