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## Chapter 1
[103
**§ 248**
It is believed that the *samābhirūḍha* nay is the one that ascends to multiple meanings. This is because it is established in one meaning, having transcended multiple meanings. For example, the word "cow" is used for various meanings like speech, etc., but it is established in the meaning of "animal." Alternatively, the use of words is for the purpose of conveying meaning. In this case, since one meaning is conveyed by one word, the use of synonyms is pointless. If there is a difference in words, there must be a difference in meaning. Thus, the *samābhirūḍha* nay is the one that ascends to multiple meanings. For example, Indra, Śakra, and Purandara are three words with three meanings. Indra means "possessing authority and power," Śakra means "powerful," and Purandara means "destroyer of cities." Similarly, it should be understood everywhere. Alternatively, the *samābhirūḍha* nay is the one that is established in a particular meaning, having attained it. For example, "Where do you reside?" "In myself." Why? Because there is no existence of one thing in another. If it were so, then knowledge, etc., and forms, etc., would exist in space.
**§ 248**
The *evambhūta* nay is the one that establishes the certainty of a thing in the same way it has been attained. This means that a word is appropriate only at the moment of the outcome of the action it signifies, and not otherwise. For example, when it thunders, it is Indra, not the one who performs the coronation or the one who worships. When it goes, it is as it is - "it stands, it is established, it rests, it stops." Here, due to the prefixes "sam" and "pra," the verb "sthā" is used in the *ātmanepada* form, and due to the prefixes "vi" and "upa," the verb "ram" is used in the *parasmaipada* form. Therefore, this is a violation of the rules of grammar. Although such usage occurs in practice, the *śabdanaya* considers it inappropriate because, from the perspective of the *paryāyārthika* nay, there cannot be a connection between one meaning and another.
**Doubt:** This contradicts the *lokasamaya* (grammar).
**Solution:** If there is a contradiction, let it be. There is no harm in it, because here we are discussing the truth. Medicine does not imitate the desires of a sick man.