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## Chapter 1
**117.** In the case of men, the difference between Mithyadrishti and the others is like an ocean. The difference between Saasadan Samyagdristi and Samyagmithyadrishti, in relation to different beings, is like an ocean. In relation to a single being, the difference between the lowest and the highest is like an immeasurable part of a Palya and an Antarmuhurt respectively. The difference between the highest and the lowest is like a hundred oceans. In the case of Asanyata Samyagdristi and the others, there is no difference in relation to different beings. In relation to a single being, the difference between the lowest and the highest is like an Antarmuhurt and a hundred oceans respectively. The difference between the two Upshamaks, in relation to different beings, is like an ocean. In relation to a single being, the difference between the lowest and the highest is like an Antarmuhurt and a hundred oceans respectively. The difference between the two Kshapaks, in relation to different beings, is like one moment for the lowest and a year plus one for the highest. There is no difference in relation to a single being.
**118.** In the case of Napumsakavedis, there is no difference between Mithyadrishti and the others in relation to different beings. In relation to a single being, the difference between the lowest and the highest is like an Antarmuhurt and thirty-three oceans minus a few countries respectively. The difference between Saasadan Samyagdristi and the others, up to the Nivritti Upshamak, is the same as stated above. The difference between the two Kshapaks is the same as in the case of Strivedis. In the case of Apagatavedis, the difference between the Nivrittibadar Upshamak and the Saksham Samparaya Upshamak, in relation to different beings, is the same as stated above. In relation to a single being, the difference between the lowest and the highest is like an Antarmuhurt. The difference between the Upshantakashaya and the others, in relation to different beings, is like an ocean. There is no difference in relation to a single being. The difference between the rest is like an ocean.
**119.** Due to the influence of Kshaya, the difference between the highest and the lowest in the case of Krodha, Mana, Maya, and Lobha, from Mithyadrishti to the Nivritti Upshamak, is like a year. There is no difference in relation to a single being.
**117.** In the case of Purushavedis, the difference between Mithyadrishti and the others is like an ocean. The difference between Saasadan Samyagdristi and Samyagmithyadrishti, in relation to different beings, is like an ocean. In relation to a single being, the difference between the lowest and the highest is like an immeasurable part of a Palya and an Antarmuhurt respectively. The difference between the highest and the lowest is like a hundred oceans. In the case of Asanyata Samyagdristi and the others, there is no difference in relation to different beings. In relation to a single being, the difference between the lowest and the highest is like an Antarmuhurt and a hundred oceans respectively. The difference between the two Upshamaks, in relation to different beings, is like an ocean. In relation to a single being, the difference between the lowest and the highest is like an Antarmuhurt and a hundred oceans respectively. The difference between the two Kshapaks, in relation to different beings, is like one moment for the lowest and a year plus one for the highest. There is no difference in relation to a single being.
**118.** In the case of Napumsakavedis, there is no difference between Mithyadrishti and the others in relation to different beings. In relation to a single being, the difference between the lowest and the highest is like an Antarmuhurt and thirty-three oceans minus a few countries respectively. The difference between Saasadan Samyagdristi and the others, up to the Nivritti Upshamak, is the same as stated above. The difference between the two Kshapaks is the same as in the case of Strivedis. In the case of Apagatavedis, the difference between the Nivrittibadar Upshamak and the Saksham Samparaya Upshamak, in relation to different beings, is the same as stated above. In relation to a single being, the difference between the lowest and the highest is like an Antarmuhurt. The difference between the Upshantakashaya and the others, in relation to different beings, is like an ocean. There is no difference in relation to a single being. The difference between the rest is like an ocean.
**119.** Due to the influence of Kshaya, the difference between the highest and the lowest in the case of Krodha, Mana, Maya, and Lobha, from Mithyadrishti to the Nivritti Upshamak, is like a year. There is no difference in relation to a single being.
**Notes:**
* **Palya:** A unit of time, equivalent to 1/16th of an Antarmuhurt.
* **Antarmuhurt:** A unit of time, equivalent to 1/30th of a Muhurt.
* **Muhurt:** A unit of time, equivalent to 48 minutes.
* **Upshamak:** A stage in the Jain path of liberation, where the negative karmas are gradually subdued.
* **Kshapak:** A stage in the Jain path of liberation, where the negative karmas are completely destroyed.
* **Mithyadrishti:** A state of wrong belief, one of the four main types of wrong belief in Jainism.
* **Saasadan Samyagdristi:** A state of right belief, where one has attained the knowledge of the true nature of reality.
* **Samyagmithyadrishti:** A state of mixed belief, where one has some right belief and some wrong belief.
* **Asanyata Samyagdristi:** A state of right belief, where one has attained the knowledge of the true nature of reality and has also overcome the negative karmas.
* **Nivritti Upshamak:** A stage in the Jain path of liberation, where the negative karmas are completely subdued.
* **Saksham Samparaya Upshamak:** A stage in the Jain path of liberation, where the negative karmas are completely subdued and one is capable of attaining liberation.
* **Upshantakashaya:** A state of mind where the negative karmas are completely subdued and one is free from all attachments.
* **Krodha:** Anger
* **Mana:** Pride
* **Maya:** Deceit
* **Lobha:** Greed
* **Purushavedi:** A male Jain who has attained the highest stage of liberation.
* **Napums