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The Harivamsha Purana is found in all ancient Indian languages like Tamil, Kannada, Hindi, etc. These diverse compositions also exhibit variations in descriptions, which makes a comparative study of them with each other and with the Vedic Puranas a fascinating and important subject.
The Jain Harivamsha Purana, along with the above-mentioned subject matter, particularly describes a branch of the Harivamsa, the Yadava clan, and the characters of two Shalakapurushas born in it. One is the twenty-second Tirthankara, Neminath, and the other is the ninth Narayana Krishna. These two were cousins, one of whom took renunciation on the occasion of his marriage, while the other displayed his strength and skill in the Kuru-Pandava war. One presented the ideal of spiritual excellence, and the other of physical play. One paved the way for renunciation, and the other for involvement. It is in this context that the story of the Mahabharata is found in the Harivamsha Purana.
There are numerous ancient cultural, Prakrit, and Apabhramsha compositions on this subject. In Sanskrit, there are works by Dharmakirti, Shrutakirti, Sakalakirti, Jayasagar, Jindas, and Mangaras under the name Harivamsha Purana, and by Shribhushan, Shubhachandra, Vadiachandra, Jayanand, Vijayagani, Devavijay, Devaprabha, Devabhadra, and Shubhavardhan under the name Pandavapurana; and under the name Neminath Charitra, there are works by Suracharya, Udayaprabha, Kotiraj, Gunavijay, Hemchandra, Bhojasagar, Tilakacharya, Vikram, Narasimha, Harishena, Nemidatta, etc. In Prakrit, there are Puranas and Kavya by Ratnaprabha, Gunavallabha, and Gunasagar, and in Apabhramsha, there are Puranas and Kavya by Swayambhu, Dhaval, Yashaskirti, Shrutakirti, Haribhadra, and Rayadhu (see Velankar's Jinratnakosh and Kochhar's Apabhramsha Sahitya). In addition to these independent compositions, this story is also described in the Sanskrit and Apabhramsha Mahapuranas by Jinsen, Gunabhadra, Hemchandra, and Pushpadanta, and independent ancient copies of it are also found. It is possible that many Sanskrit, Prakrit, and Apabhramsha compositions under the names Harivamsha Purana, Arishtanemi or Nemicharitra, Pandavapurana, and Pandavacharita are still lying unknown in repositories. There are also many works written in ancient Hindi and Kannada. Therefore, the editor of the present work, in his preface on page ten, has mentioned only one Sanskrit and one Apabhramsha composition in addition to the present work, which should not lead to confusion regarding the Jain literary composition on this subject.
In Hindu and Jain traditions, Puranas have been attempted to be made encyclopedias of their respective times. They contain not only stories, but also, according to the context, introduce various arts and sciences in addition to religion and ethics, briefly or in detail. The purpose of this trend appears to be that a devotee who reads a single Purana can obtain all kinds of information related to his tradition. This trend is particularly found in the present Harivamsha Purana. The description of the nature of the three worlds, the life story of Mahavira Tirthankara, Samavasarana, religious teachings, and the art of music, etc., given here, is a complete treatise on those subjects and is worthy of study and dissemination independently.
There is much debate and uncertainty regarding the authorship and time of the Vedic literature, and especially the Puranic compositions. Fortunately, the tendency to date in Jain traditions is often more explicit. Here, clear mentions of the authors and the time of composition of the major Puranas are found. The author of the present Harivamsha Purana has clearly introduced himself as belonging to the Punnat Sangha, his guru's name was Kirtisena, and he completed this composition in Shaka Samvat 705. Not only this, but he is found to be a great poet who, in addition to the universally accepted guru parampara of 683 years from Lord Mahavira, has also given a guru lineage from his time onwards, which is not found anywhere else.
Another important evidence of the unique historical consciousness of the Harivamsha Purana author is available in his composition, which has influenced the knowledge of the history of the entire India of that time. He has...