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## Chapter Forty-Eight
**677**
The five transgressions of the vow of non-violence are:
1. **(164)** Restraining food and drink due to hunger or other afflictions.
2. **(165)** Misleading others, secretly revealing confidential matters, forging documents, misappropriating deposits, and revealing secrets through gestures.
**166**
Misleading others is to deceive them and to induce them to engage in actions that are contrary to their welfare and liberation.
**167**
Secretly revealing confidential matters is to disclose the private affairs of a man and a woman.
**168**
Forging documents is to write something in someone else's name without their consent.
**169**
Misappropriating deposits is to take less than what is due, claiming that the amount is correct, when one has forgotten the actual amount.
**170**
Revealing secrets through gestures is to reveal someone's secret through facial expressions, eyebrow movements, or other gestures, out of envy.
**171**
These five transgressions of the vow of truthfulness should be avoided by those who are knowledgeable in the scriptures and who are committed to righteous conduct.
**172**
The five transgressions of the vow of non-stealing are:
1. **(171)** Encouraging theft, accepting stolen goods, violating the laws of the state, giving less than what is due, and taking more than what is due.
**173**
Encouraging theft is to instigate, assist, or approve of theft.
**174**
Accepting stolen goods is to purchase goods that have been stolen.
**175**
Violating the laws of the state is to travel to or trade with a hostile state, even if one is a subject of another state.
**176**
Giving less than what is due is to give less than what is rightfully owed, based on the value of the goods or services exchanged.
**177**
Taking more than what is due is to take more than what is rightfully owed, based on the value of the goods or services exchanged.
**178**
The five transgressions of the vow of non-attachment are:
1. **(173)** Using counterfeit gold or silver to deceive others.
**179**
The five transgressions of the vow of celibacy are:
1. **(174)** Arranging the marriage of another person's child.
2. **(175)** Engaging in sexual activity with someone other than one's spouse.
3. **(176)** Approaching a woman who is already married.
4. **(177)** Approaching a woman who is not yet married.
5. **(178)** Being overly attached to sexual pleasure.
**180**
These five transgressions of the vow of celibacy should be avoided with great effort.