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## 21
**Karika 16, 17**
The relation of non-difference (anvaya-hetu) exists with the difference (vaidharmya or vyatireka hetu) - without difference (vaidharmya), there is no sameness (anvaya), and without sameness, there is no difference.
**Karika 18**
Similarly, in a single dharma, the dharma of non-existence is inseparable from its opposite (existence) - without the dharma of existence, it cannot exist - because it is a qualifier. Whatever is a qualifier is inseparable from its opposite (counterpart) dharma, just as (in the use of hetu) vaidharmya (vyatireka hetu) exists in an inseparable relation with abheda-vivaksha (sādharmya or anvaya-hetu) - without anvaya (sādharmya), there is no vyatireka (vaidharmya), and without vyatireka, there is no anvaya.
**Karika 19**
The object of speech (vishesya) is the object of both affirmation and negation - it is the object of both the affirmation of existence and the negation of non-existence, because it is the object of speech. Whatever is the object of speech is the object of both affirmation and negation. Just as the dharma of the sadhya, from one perspective, is the hetu (means), from another perspective, it is also the ahetu (non-means). For example, the sadhya...