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## 38 **(a) The Era Before Samantabhadra** According to Jain scriptures, there have been twenty-four Tirthankaras in succession over vast periods of time. The first Tirthankara was Rishabhadeva, the twenty-second was Arishtanemi, the twenty-third was Parshvanatha, and the twenty-fourth was Vardhamana Mahavira. These Tirthankaras are both historical and widely known. The teachings given by these Tirthankaras are called Dvadasanga. Just as the teachings of Buddha are called Tripitaka, the Dvadasanga scriptures are divided into two parts: 1. Anga Pravist and 2. Anga Bahya. These two divisions are due to the specific speaker. The scriptures spoken by the Tirthankaras and their chief and direct disciples are Anga Pravist. And those composed by later speakers based on these are Anga Bahya. Anga Pravist and Anga Bahya are further divided into twelve and fourteen categories respectively. One of the twelve categories of Anga Pravist is Drishtivad, which is the twelfth scripture. This twelfth Drishtivad scripture presents and reviews the singular views and beliefs of various schools of thought, harmonizing them with Syadvad Nyaya. Samantabhadra has expressed this fact in his works using phrases like "Syadvadino Nath Tavaiva Yuktam" and has called all Tirthankaras Syadvadis (proponents of Syadvad). Akalankadeva has also identified them as proponents of Syadvad and their teachings as marked by the infallible seal of Syadvad. 1. ....Eshan Drashtishatanam Trayanam Shashti Uttaranam Prarupanam Nigrahashcha Kriyate. - Vira Sena, Dhavala Pustak 1, p. 108. Bandhashcha Mokshashcha Tayo Shcha Hetu, Baddhashcha Muktashcha Phalam Cha Mukte. Syadvadino Nath! Tavaiva Yuktam, Naikantardrishte Tvamato'si Shasta. || Swayambhustava, Shloka 14. 3. (a) Dharma Tirthankarebhyo'stu Syadvadhibhyo Namo Namaha. Rishabhad Mahaviraantebhyah Swatmopa labdhayai. || Devagama-Aapta Mimamsa 2. Laghiyaka 0 -1.
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________________ ३८ (क) समन्तभद्रसे पूर्वका युग जैन अनुश्रुति के अनुसार जैनधर्मके प्रवर्त्तक क्रमशः कालके अन्तरालको लिए चौबीस तीर्थंकर हुए हैं । इनमें प्रथम तीर्थङ्कर ऋषभदेव, वाईसवें अरिष्टनेमि, तेईसवें पार्श्वनाथ और चौबीसवें वर्द्धमान महावीर तो ऐतिहासिक और लोकप्रसिद्ध भी हैं । इन तीर्थकरोंके द्वारा जो उपदेश दिया गया वह द्वादशाङ्ग कहा गया है । जैसे बुद्ध के उपदेशको त्रिपिटक कहा जाता है । वह द्वादशाङ्गश्रुत दो भागों में विभक्त है - अङ्ग प्रविष्ट और २. अङ्गबाह्य । ये दो भेद प्रवक्ताविशेषके कारण हैं । जो श्रुत तीर्थङ्करों तथा उनके प्रधान एवं साक्षात् शिष्योंद्वारा उक्त है वह अङ्गप्रविष्ट हैं । तथा जो इसके आधारसे उत्तरवर्ती प्रवक्ताओं द्वारा रचा गया वह अङ्गबाह्य है । अङ्गप्रविष्ट और अङ्गबाह्यके भी क्रमशः बारह और चौदह भेद हैं | अङ्गप्रविष्टके बारह भेदोंमें एक दृष्टिवाद है जो बारहवाँ श्रुत है । इस बारहवें दृष्टिवादश्रुतमें' विभिन्न वादियोंकी एकान्त दृष्टियों एवं मान्यताओंके निरूपण और समीक्षाके साथ उनका स्याद्वादन्याय से समन्वय किया गया है | इस तथ्यको समन्तभद्रने अपनी कृतियों में 'स्याद्वादिनो नाथ तवैव युक्तम्' जैसे पदप्रयोगों द्वारा व्यक्त किया है और सभी तीर्थङ्कको स्याद्वादी (स्याद्वाद - प्रतिपादक ) कहा है । अकलङ्कदेवने भी उन्हें स्याद्वादका प्रवक्ता तथा उनके शासन - उपदेशको स्याद्वाद के अमोघ लांछनसे चिन्हित बतलाया है । 3 १. ....एषां द्रष्टिशतानां त्रयाणां षष्ट्युत्तराणां प्ररूपणं निग्रहश्च क्रियते । - वीरसेन, धवला पुस्तक १, पृ० १०८ | बन्धश्च मोक्षश्च तयोश्च हेतू बद्धश्च मुक्तश्च फलं च मुक्तेः । स्याद्वादिनो नाथ ! तवैव युक्तं नैकान्तदृष्टेस्त्वमतोऽसि शास्ता || स्वयम्भूस्तो० श्लो० १४ । ३. (क) धर्मतीर्थकरेभ्योऽस्तु स्याद्वादिभ्यो नमो नमः । ऋषभादिमहावीरान्तेभ्यः स्वात्मोपलब्धये ॥ देवागम-आप्तमीमांसा २. Jain Education International लघीय० का ० For Private & Personal Use Only -१ । www.jainelibrary.org
SR No.001170
Book TitleAptamimansa
Original Sutra AuthorSamantbhadracharya
AuthorJugalkishor Mukhtar
PublisherVeer Seva Mandir Trust
Publication Year1978
Total Pages190
LanguageHindi, Sanskrit
ClassificationBook_Devnagari & Philosophy
File Size9 MB
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