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## Chapter 10: Devagam - Aapta-Mimamsa
**It has been said and reviewed by Karika 67.** They have pointed out the flaws in this belief by stating that if the atoms, diatoms, etc., remain in the same state of aggregation as they are at the time of division (because there is no other difference in form, otherwise there would be the occasion of impermanence in them), then they will remain unmixed (unmixed - without being mixed) and in that state, the constituent earth, etc., four elements will be illusory (false). And when the constituent earth, etc., become illusory, their generating atoms also become illusory by their very nature, because the effect certainly informs about the corresponding cause. In this way, in the Vaisheshika's theory of non-dualism, neither the real earth, etc., constituent elements are formed, nor are their real cause-like atoms proven, and when neither of these two are formed, the qualities residing in them, the species (general), the special, the samvaya, and the karma, none of these substances are formed.
**Further, Karika 68 criticizes the Sankhya's theory of non-dualism (abhedaikant) by saying that if there is complete non-duality (abheda) in both the effect (mahadadhi) and the cause (praadhan), then one of them will exist, the other will be absent.** Consequently, even that one will not be able to exist in the absence of the other, being inseparable from it. In addition, in this abhedaikant, the duality of effect and cause, which is well-known in the world, will never be available. If it is accepted by convention, then that convention is false, and therefore there is no difference between convention and emptiness.
**Karika 70 shows the contradiction in accepting both complete difference and complete non-difference, and the impossibility of representing it by the word 'avachya' in accepting neither complete difference nor complete non-difference, i.e., anubhaya (avachya).**
**1. In Ashta-Sahasri (p. 222), the commentator, while commenting on the initial 'Aparaha Praah' word of the utthanika vakya of this 67th Karika, has given its meaning as 'Saugata', which is not correct.** Here, the whole context is of Vaisheshika, not of Saugatas.