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## Introduction
Negation cannot exist without accepting its existence, and accepting duality completely eliminates the acceptance of non-duality. In reality, non-duality is the negation of duality, and how can duality, which is not accepted in the absolute non-dualistic standpoint, be considered as the negation of absolute non-duality?
## Criticism of Vaisheshika's Pluralism
Through Karika 28, the Vaisheshika's pluralism, which advocates for complete duality (many), is criticized. It is argued that the quality of separateness, which is used to define substances like matter as separate (many), is either inseparable from them or separate. It cannot be said to be inseparable from them, because that is not their doctrine. If it is said to be separate from them, then that quality of separateness cannot maintain its existence, because it maintains its existence only by residing in the many. Thus, when the foundation of the Vaisheshika's pluralism (the quality of separateness) collapses, the edifice of pluralism built upon it also crumbles.
## Criticism of Buddhist Pluralism
Buddhists are also pluralists. However, their pluralism differs from that of the Vaisheshika. They do not accept a unity based on analogy, but rather accept completely separate, distinct moments as the reality. This belief is also reviewed in three Karikas (29-31). It is argued that without accepting a unity based on analogy in moments, like the thread in a garland, there cannot be progeny, similarity, community, and the state of being after death, because moments do not have a relationship of unity with each other. In addition, by considering both knowledge and the object of knowledge as different from 'being', both become non-being. And in that situation, there will be no state of knowledge, nor will there be an external and internal object of knowledge in the form of internal reality. Their position cannot be established by words either, because words refer only to the general (anvayapoha), which is non-existent, not to the particular (svalakshyatmaka vastu), and in such a situation, all words are not truly indicative of reality, and are therefore false.
## Criticism of Accepting Both Unity and Plurality
Karika 32 criticizes the acceptance of both complete unity and complete plurality (ubhaya) of reality, arguing that it leads to contradiction and inexpressibility (anubhaya).