Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
## Introduction
17
The Mahapratyakhyana is a composition from before the 17th century. In conclusion, it can be said that the Mahapratyakhyana was composed sometime between the 2nd and 4th centuries.
**Subject Matter:**
The Mahapratyakhyana contains a total of 142 verses, which describe the following subject matter:
The text begins with a mangalacharan, paying homage to the Tirthankaras, Jindevas, Siddhas, and Sannyamīs. Following this, it states that one should renounce all types of external and internal titles through mind, speech, and body (1-5).
It states the equality of all beings, saying that one should forgive all beings and that all beings should forgive them. It also speaks of condemning, reproaching, and criticizing actions that are worthy of condemnation, reproach, and criticism (6-8). It inspires the individual to remain steadfast in detachment, knowing the nature of possessiveness. Regarding the soul, it states that the soul is the renunciation, and that restraint and yoga are also the soul (9-11).
The next verse condemns the non-observance of the fundamental and secondary virtues. Upadhyay Shri Devendramuni Shastri, in his book "Jain Agam Sahitya Manan aur Meemamsa," describes the subject matter of the Mahapratyakhyana, interpreting this verse as follows: "The seeker should renounce the fundamental and secondary virtues." However, looking at the original text, it is clear that it does not call for the renunciation of the fundamental and secondary virtues. Instead, it clearly states that due to carelessness, I condemn all those virtues (qualities) that I have not been able to cultivate in the fundamental and secondary virtues (12).
While discussing the soul, it states that the soul is the individual's own (self), while all other substances are not theirs but external. It also states that due to the chain of suffering, one should renounce the connections in three ways:
1. Jain Agam Sahitya Manan aur Meemamsa, page 390.
C