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Tattvaārthasūtra, on the topic of restraint, listening, practice, renunciation, signs, attire, supplementary measures, and the place of transgression:
Through the distinctions of restraint, action, practice, pilgrimage, signs, licentiousness, supplementary measures, and position, it is necessary to contemplate that point.
To understand the special form of the five non-grasping principles previously described, eight elements have been taken here, and the relationships with the five non-grasping principles are considered. For instance:
Among the five restraints are assessment and determination, which occur within two of the three restraints: Pulak, Bakush, and Pratisevanakushal belong to the three non-grasping principles; the two involving Kshayakushil; and purity of avoidance and subtle abstinence belong to the four restraints. Only the renowned restraints apply to both non-grasping and graduate categories.
Actions: Pulak, Bakush, and Pratisevanakushal represent the supreme actions of the former ten and fourteen non-grasping principles respectively, with the inferior action of Pulak related to the object of conduct; and Bakush, Kushil, and non-grasping are referred to as the eight precepts (with five committees and three vows). The graduate is altogether free from impurities.
As for Pratisevana (or Viradhana): Pulak observes five great vows regarding abstention from food at night. Any of the six vows may be affected by the pressure of another.
1. A chapter of the same name exists in the ninth former, and it is this that is being discussed here.