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346
The Tattvarthasutra now explains the means of samvara: _s guptisamiti dharmanuprekshapariṣahajayacharitraih. 2. tapasā nirjarā ca. 3.
Gupti, samiti, dharma, anupekṣā, pariṣahajaya, and charitra are the means of samvara.
Through tapas, samvara and nirjarā occur.
The essence of samvara is generally singular; however, its various distinctions have been presented according to the means employed. In summary, there are 7 means and in detail, 69 are enumerated; this enumeration of distinctions is based on the tenets of religious conduct.
Tapas serves as both a means for samvara and for nirjarā. Generally, tapas is considered a means of material happiness (abhyudaya), yet it should be understood that it can also bring about spiritual happiness (niḥśreyasa); because, despite being singular, it manifests in both sakāma (with desire) and niṣkāma (without desire) forms due to the underlying feelings associated with it. Sakāma tapas leads to abhyudaya, while niṣkāma tapas leads to niḥśreyasa. [2-3] The separation of bondage (bandha) and liberation (viccheda) relates to the samvara of the higher state of existence, which is to say, the lack of bondage that arises from the purification of the earlier state of existence causes samvara to the higher state of existence. For this, see the chapter on bandha in the second Karmagrantha and also in the third Karmagrantha (Gatha 1-58) as well as the Sarvārthasiddhi of the present sutra.