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The Tattvarthasutra is referred to as "bandha" (bond). The categorization of pudgala (matter) is manifold. Among these, the category that possesses the capability to attain results in the form of karma is the one that jīva (soul) specially takes and identifies with its own regions. In other words, the jīva, having been in the karmic relationship since time immemorial despite being inherently formless, takes on a material form and thus acquires material karma pudgala. Just as oil is taken up through a flame and transforms into a fiery form due to parental deficiency, in the same way, the jīva takes on the pudgala soaked in passions and thus transforms it as karma. The pudgala that has attained results in relation to karmic nature is referred to as "bandha." In such a bond, many causes like falsehood (mithyātva) exist; however, it has been stated here that the pudgala is taken due to passion, which should be understood as indicating the significance of passions over other factors. [2-a] Now, regarding the nature of bandha, it is said: प्रकृतिस्थित्यनुभावप्रदेशास्तद्विधयः। 4.
Prakṛti (nature), sthiti (state), anubhava (experience), and pradeśa (region) are the four types related to bandha. The fact that the karma pudgala is grasped by the jīva and attains results in the karmic form means that at that moment the four aspects are created; those four aspects are in accordance with the nature of bandha. For example, when the grass consumed by goats, cows, buffaloes, etc., transforms into milk, the nature of sweetness binds within it; this nature remains in that form for a certain duration.