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Chapter - Sutra 31 The existence of substance is such that the concepts of permanence and impermanence are also established within it. From a general perspective, permanence is established, and from a specific perspective, impermanence is established. In this way, while they appear to be mutually contradictory, the concepts of unity, multiplicity, etc., which are established based on different perspectives, are undeterred in all entities, including the soul. Therefore, all substances are considered to have multiple properties. Now, another explanation states: "Kṛṣṭānāśī" each object is practical in many ways, because due to the perspective of offering and the offered, the establishment of transactional validity occurs in a principal-accessory sense. From among the many properties established through differing perspectives, sometimes a transaction occurs via one property and at other times through another opposing property; this is not unverified or obstructive because all established properties are not simultaneously focused. Depending on the purpose, sometimes one might have precedence and at other times the other. When one is focused, that one becomes principal and the other accessory. The doer of the action is also the experiencer of its fruits. To illustrate the equivalence of this action and its resultant fruits, the anticipation of permanence established in the substance is required. At that time, the perspective of impermanence established by the specific view is not considered focused.