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Chapter 5 - Sutra 2-4 now speaks about the primary substances:
1) The five substances are the four non-living entities as referred to in the Dharmastikaya and the soul (jiva).
According to Jain philosophy, the universe is not merely an aggregate of manifestations; despite being subject to change, it is eternal and beginningless. In this universe, according to Jain belief, the primary substances are five, which are elaborated in this sect.
From this sutra onward, several subsequent sutras describe the general and specific attributes of substances, demonstrating their mutual identical and different qualities. The term 'identical qualities' refers to sameness, while 'different qualities' implies dissimilarity.
In this sutra, the statement regarding the nature of substance relates to the dharmastikaya and is the same as substance within the context of the five categories; and the different aspects referred to can only pertain to attributes or modes; for attributes or modes are not substances themselves. [2] Now the mutual identity of primary substances is explained:
Nityavasthitanyaroopani. 3.
In the Pitaka Vitarag 4T. 1. Sp. traditions, this is considered a single sutra, whereas in the Digambara tradition, "Vyajivaashva" appears as two separate sutras.