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Tattvarthasūtra
Now, Tiyachanu explains: "Apart from the upapātika beings and humans, all the remaining beings are considered tijach."
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The answer to the question of who is called tijach is given in this sutra. Upapātika means gods and hell beings, and apart from humans, all other worldly beings are called tijach. Gods, hell beings, and humans are only five-sensed; however, in the tijach category, all types of beings from one-sensed to five-sensed are included. Just as gods, hell beings, and humans are found in specific sections of the world, tijach beings are not limited to such categories; because their presence is found throughout all parts of the world. [28]
Adhikārasūtra—
Stability: [22]
A description of lifespan is provided.
The low and high lifespans of humans and tijach beings are discussed. Those of gods and hell beings remain to be described. This will be shown by the end of this chapter. [29]
Description of the excellent position of the bhavanapati:
"In the buildings of the south half, the position of the lords is like one and a half palyopama." [30] "Among the rest, one foot." [31]
Anuttva: "Thus, in the middle, it is said." The position of the south Indras in the buildings is like one and a half palyopama.